15. Increase in Women’s Representation and Candidates’ Positions on Gender Equality Issues

The 2024 general election in Japan marked a significant milestone with a record number of women elected to the House of Representatives, increasing from 45 in 2021 to 73. This chapter delves into the profiles of these female candidates and winners, highlighting their diverse backgrounds and political experiences. It also explores the positions of various political parties and candidates on critical gender equality issues, such as the legislation on dual surnames. The analysis reveals shifting social norms and increasing pressure on political parties to address gender disparities. Additionally, the chapter examines the strategies employed by political parties to recruit more women candidates and the impact of these efforts on the election outcomes. The conclusion underscores the potential for more gender-balanced and diversified views in the House of Representatives, while also noting the challenges in translating increased descriptive representation into substantive policy changes.