9. INDC and Low-Carbon Technology Deployment Scenarios: Cambodia, Lao PDR and Myanmar

Three ASEAN member states, Cambodia, Lao PDR and Myanmar (CLM)—listed as the least developed countries (LDC)—had tremendous economic growth in the last decade, higher than the ASEAN average. Unfortunately, this is also translated into the high growth of GHG emissions. Noting their vulnerable position to the impact of the climate change, the Governments have looked to a variety of low-carbon technologies (LCTs) to help reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decrease GHG emissions. Heavily focus on the programme for the rural development and rely mostly on hydro as the main renewable energy sources, in recent years, tremendous strides have been made to advance low-carbon energy systems, as reflected in their Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). However, as the least developed countries with limited financial resources, the Governments have difficulties in innovating, scaling up investment, bringing down the system costs, implementing the right policy frameworks and interconnecting large amounts of variable renewable energy supply into the grid. To this, it is important for these countries to tap the collaboration with all, not only international development bank such as World Bank or Asian Development Bank, but also with various key knowledge partners.