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2019 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Inertial Sensors and Their Applications

Authors : Jussi Collin, Pavel Davidson, Martti Kirkko-Jaakkola, Helena Leppäkoski

Published in: Handbook of Signal Processing Systems

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Due to the universal presence of motion, vibration, and shock, inertial motion sensors can be applied in various contexts. Development of the microelectromechanical (MEMS) technology opens up many new consumer and industrial applications for accelerometers and gyroscopes. The multiformity of applications creates different requirements to inertial sensors in terms of accuracy, size, power consumption and cost. This makes it challenging to choose sensors that are suited best for the particular application. In addition, development of signal processing algorithms for inertial sensor data require understanding on the physical principles of both motion generated and sensor operation principles. This chapter aims to aid the system designer to understand and manage these challenges. The principles of operation of accelerometers and gyroscopes are explained with examples of different applications using inertial sensors data as input. Especially, detailed examples of signal processing algorithms for pedestrian navigation and motion classification are given.

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Footnotes
1
In short, non-holonomic constraints limit the lateral and vertical speeds of the vehicle and this knowledge is translated into a measurement [53].
 
2
Scale factors are not exactly constant: for instance, the scale factors of MEMS sensors depend strongly on the temperature.
 
3
There exist higher-order Gauss–Markov process where the difference equation (3) contains older values of the process.
 
4
The growth is almost quadratic with small heading errors; however, with larger heading errors, the sine and cosine functions in (22) bound the error growth.
 
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Metadata
Title
Inertial Sensors and Their Applications
Authors
Jussi Collin
Pavel Davidson
Martti Kirkko-Jaakkola
Helena Leppäkoski
Copyright Year
2019
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91734-4_2