Influence of lithium salt, carbonate solvents, and additives on Li-ion batteries performance with biomass-based electrodes

This study delves into the influence of lithium salts, carbonate solvents, and additives on the performance of lithium-ion batteries utilizing biomass-based electrodes, specifically those derived from rice husks. The research systematically evaluates various electrolyte systems, including combinations of cyclic and linear carbonates, to identify the most suitable medium for lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) and lithium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI). The study highlights the significant role of additives such as fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and vinylene carbonate (VC) in enhancing battery performance by stabilizing the electrode-electrolyte interfaces and promoting effective solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation. The optimized electrolyte systems are then assessed for full cell performance, with a particular focus on the electrochemical stability window, ionic conductivity, and long-term cycling stability. The results demonstrate that the combination of 1 M LiPF6 in EC: DEC (1:1 v/v) with 5 wt% FEC exhibits superior capacity retention and rate capability, maintaining a high discharge capacity even at elevated current densities. The study also provides insights into the dynamic composition of the SEI layer, emphasizing the beneficial effects of LiF formation facilitated by FEC. Overall, the research offers valuable guidance for designing high-performance, sustainable biomass-electrolyte systems for lithium-ion batteries, with potential applications in energy storage and renewable energy technologies.