Skip to main content
Top

2021 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Information and Communication Infrastructures in Modern Wide-Area Systems

Authors : Weikang Wang, Kaiqi Sun, Chujie Zeng, Chang Chen, Wei Qiu, Shutang You, Yilu Liu

Published in: Wide Area Power Systems Stability, Protection, and Security

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Information and communication infrastructures (ICIs) in modern wide-area systems handle the transmitting, receiving, and storing of high-speed, large-volume synchrophasor data. Such infrastructures are important components in modern wide-area systems. Although power systems are becoming rather complex, with the introduction of synchrophasor technology, the highly accurate, high-speed, widely deployed, and time-synchronized phasor measurement units (PMUs) are providing operators and auditors an unprecedented way to understand the complex power systems. Consequently, these advanced PMUs challenge the current information and communication infrastructures. This chapter reviews the basics, challenges, and visions of the ICIs in wide-area monitoring systems (WAMS). We will first overview some important wide-area ICI topics and share our experience in building an efficient, reliable, and secure distribution-level WAMS, FNET/GridEye. We will introduce some key technologies that ensure the efficiency and reliability of such a WAMS. Finally, some outstanding challenges and future directions of the contemporary ICIs are discussed and envisioned.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference IEEE, IEEE Std C37.118-2005. IEEE standard for synchrophasors for power systems (2005) IEEE, IEEE Std C37.118-2005. IEEE standard for synchrophasors for power systems (2005)
2.
go back to reference IEEE, IEEE Std C37.118.1-2011. IEEE standard for synchrophasor measurements for power systems (2011) IEEE, IEEE Std C37.118.1-2011. IEEE standard for synchrophasor measurements for power systems (2011)
3.
go back to reference IEEE, IEEE Std C37.118.2-2011. IEEE standard for synchrophasor data transfer for power systems (2011) IEEE, IEEE Std C37.118.2-2011. IEEE standard for synchrophasor data transfer for power systems (2011)
4.
go back to reference IEEE, IEEE Std C37.118.1a-2014. IEEE standard for synchrophasor measurements for power systems—Amendment 1: modification of selected performance requirements (2014) IEEE, IEEE Std C37.118.1a-2014. IEEE standard for synchrophasor measurements for power systems—Amendment 1: modification of selected performance requirements (2014)
5.
go back to reference IEC, IEC 61850 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation (2013) IEC, IEC 61850 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation (2013)
6.
go back to reference IEC, IEC 61850-90-5: 2012. Communication networks and systems for power utility automation—Part 90–5: use of IEC 61850 to transmit synchrophasor information according to IEEE C37.118 (2012) IEC, IEC 61850-90-5: 2012. Communication networks and systems for power utility automation—Part 90–5: use of IEC 61850 to transmit synchrophasor information according to IEEE C37.118 (2012)
7.
go back to reference IEEE, IEEE Std 802.3-2018. IEEE Standard for Ethernet, pp. 1–5600 (2018) IEEE, IEEE Std 802.3-2018. IEEE Standard for Ethernet, pp. 1–5600 (2018)
8.
go back to reference R. Robertson, Advanced Synchrophasor Protocol (ASP) Development and Demonstration Project (Department of Energy, United States, 2020), pp. 1–105CrossRef R. Robertson, Advanced Synchrophasor Protocol (ASP) Development and Demonstration Project (Department of Energy, United States, 2020), pp. 1–105CrossRef
9.
go back to reference R. Carroll, F. Robertson, A Comparison of Phasor Communications Protocols (No. PNNL-28499). (Pacific Northwest National Lab, Richland, WA, United States, 2019), pp. 1–86 R. Carroll, F. Robertson, A Comparison of Phasor Communications Protocols (No. PNNL-28499). (Pacific Northwest National Lab, Richland, WA, United States, 2019), pp. 1–86
10.
go back to reference I. Ali, M.A. Aftab, S. S. Hussain, Performance comparison of IEC 61850-90-5 and IEEE C37. 118.2 based wide area PMU communication networks. J. Modern Power Syst. Clean Energy 4(3), 487–495 (2016) I. Ali, M.A. Aftab, S. S. Hussain, Performance comparison of IEC 61850-90-5 and IEEE C37. 118.2 based wide area PMU communication networks. J. Modern Power Syst. Clean Energy 4(3), 487–495 (2016)
11.
go back to reference I. Edward, Chapter 4—Network Physical Layer Technologies, TCP/IP embedded internet applications (Newnes, Boston, MA, 2003), pp. 69–107 I. Edward, Chapter 4—Network Physical Layer Technologies, TCP/IP embedded internet applications (Newnes, Boston, MA, 2003), pp. 69–107
12.
go back to reference R. Zurawski, From wireline to wireless networks and technologies. IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat. 3(2), 93–94 (2007)CrossRef R. Zurawski, From wireline to wireless networks and technologies. IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat. 3(2), 93–94 (2007)CrossRef
13.
go back to reference B. Appasani, D.K. Mohanta, A review on synchrophasor communication system: communication technologies, standards and applications. Protect. Contr. Modern Power Syst. 3(2), 37 (2018)CrossRef B. Appasani, D.K. Mohanta, A review on synchrophasor communication system: communication technologies, standards and applications. Protect. Contr. Modern Power Syst. 3(2), 37 (2018)CrossRef
14.
go back to reference S. Kumar, M.K. Soni, D.K. Jain, Requirements and challenges of PMUs communication in WAMS environment. Far East J. Electron. Commun. 13(2), 121–135 (2014) S. Kumar, M.K. Soni, D.K. Jain, Requirements and challenges of PMUs communication in WAMS environment. Far East J. Electron. Commun. 13(2), 121–135 (2014)
15.
go back to reference K. Zhu, J. Song, M. Chenine, L. Nordström, Analysis of phasor data latency in wide area monitoring and control systems, in Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, Capetown (2010) K. Zhu, J. Song, M. Chenine, L. Nordström, Analysis of phasor data latency in wide area monitoring and control systems, in Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, Capetown (2010)
16.
go back to reference C. Callegari, S. Giordano, M. Pagano, T. Pepe, WAVE-CUSUM: Improving CUSUM performance in network anomaly detection by means of wavelet analysis. Comput. Secur. 31(5), 727–735 (2012)CrossRef C. Callegari, S. Giordano, M. Pagano, T. Pepe, WAVE-CUSUM: Improving CUSUM performance in network anomaly detection by means of wavelet analysis. Comput. Secur. 31(5), 727–735 (2012)CrossRef
17.
go back to reference A.G. Phadke, J.S. Thorp, Communication needs for wide area measurement applications, in Proceedings of 2010 5th International Conference on Critical Infrastructure, Beijing (2010) A.G. Phadke, J.S. Thorp, Communication needs for wide area measurement applications, in Proceedings of 2010 5th International Conference on Critical Infrastructure, Beijing (2010)
18.
go back to reference A.S. Musleh, G. Chen, Z.Y. Dong, A survey on the detection algorithms for false data injection attacks in smart grids, IEEE Trans. Smart Grid (2019) A.S. Musleh, G. Chen, Z.Y. Dong, A survey on the detection algorithms for false data injection attacks in smart grids, IEEE Trans. Smart Grid (2019)
19.
go back to reference C.T. Beasley, Electric power synchrophasor network cyber security vulnerabilities. Dissertation. Clemson University, (2014) C.T. Beasley, Electric power synchrophasor network cyber security vulnerabilities. Dissertation. Clemson University, (2014)
20.
go back to reference R. Kateb, P. Akaber, M.H.K. Tushar, A. Albarakati, M. Debbabi, C. Assi, Enhancing WAMS communication network against delay attacks. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 10(3), 2738–2751 (2019)CrossRef R. Kateb, P. Akaber, M.H.K. Tushar, A. Albarakati, M. Debbabi, C. Assi, Enhancing WAMS communication network against delay attacks. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 10(3), 2738–2751 (2019)CrossRef
21.
go back to reference R. Klump, P. Agarwal, J. E. Tate, H. Khurana, Lossless compression of synchronized phasor measurements, in Proceedings of 2010 IEEE PESGM (2010), pp. 1–7 R. Klump, P. Agarwal, J. E. Tate, H. Khurana, Lossless compression of synchronized phasor measurements, in Proceedings of 2010 IEEE PESGM (2010), pp. 1–7
22.
go back to reference P.H. Gadde, M. Biswal, S. Brahma, H. Cao, Efficient compression of PMU Data in WAMS. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 7(5), 2406–2413 (2016)CrossRef P.H. Gadde, M. Biswal, S. Brahma, H. Cao, Efficient compression of PMU Data in WAMS. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 7(5), 2406–2413 (2016)CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Z. Hu, Y. Li, J. Wu, J. Guo, H. Gu, Research of PMU data transmission mechanism in smart grid based on NDN, in Proceedings of 2017 IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2) (Beijing, 2017), pp. 1–6 Z. Hu, Y. Li, J. Wu, J. Guo, H. Gu, Research of PMU data transmission mechanism in smart grid based on NDN, in Proceedings of 2017 IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2) (Beijing, 2017), pp. 1–6
24.
go back to reference M. Asprou, E. Kyriakides, The effect of time-delayed measurements on a PMU-based state estimator, in Proceedings of 2015 IEEE Eindhoven (PowerTech, Eindhoven, 2015), pp. 1–6 M. Asprou, E. Kyriakides, The effect of time-delayed measurements on a PMU-based state estimator, in Proceedings of 2015 IEEE Eindhoven (PowerTech, Eindhoven, 2015), pp. 1–6
25.
go back to reference M. Wang, Data quality management of synchrophasor data in power systems by exploiting low-dimensional models, in Proceedings of 2017 51st Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS) (Baltimore, MD, 2017), pp. 1–2 M. Wang, Data quality management of synchrophasor data in power systems by exploiting low-dimensional models, in Proceedings of 2017 51st Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS) (Baltimore, MD, 2017), pp. 1–2
26.
go back to reference B. Calabrese, Data Reduction, Encyclopedia of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, (Academic Press, 2019), pp. 480-485 B. Calabrese, Data Reduction, Encyclopedia of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, (Academic Press, 2019), pp. 480-485
27.
go back to reference Z.M. Lu, S.Z. Guo, Chapter 1—Introduction, Lossless Information Hiding in Images (Syngress, 2017), pp. 1–68 Z.M. Lu, S.Z. Guo, Chapter 1—Introduction, Lossless Information Hiding in Images (Syngress, 2017), pp. 1–68
28.
go back to reference S.B. Choi, M.H. Lee, High speed pattern matching for a fast Huffman decoder. IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. 41(1), 97–103 (1995)CrossRef S.B. Choi, M.H. Lee, High speed pattern matching for a fast Huffman decoder. IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. 41(1), 97–103 (1995)CrossRef
29.
go back to reference A. Balaji, G. Sharma, M. Shaw, R. Guay, Preprocessing methods for improved lossless compression of color look-up tables. J. Imag. Sci. Technol. 52(4) (2008) A. Balaji, G. Sharma, M. Shaw, R. Guay, Preprocessing methods for improved lossless compression of color look-up tables. J. Imag. Sci. Technol. 52(4) (2008)
30.
go back to reference J.E. Tate, Preprocessing and Golomb-Rice encoding for lossless compression of phasor angle data. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 7(2), 718–729 (2016) J.E. Tate, Preprocessing and Golomb-Rice encoding for lossless compression of phasor angle data. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 7(2), 718–729 (2016)
31.
go back to reference T.J. Richardson, R.L. Urbanke, Efficient encoding of low-density parity-check codes. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 47(2), 638–656 (2001)MathSciNetCrossRef T.J. Richardson, R.L. Urbanke, Efficient encoding of low-density parity-check codes. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 47(2), 638–656 (2001)MathSciNetCrossRef
32.
go back to reference T. Izumi, Y. Iiguni, Data compression of nonlinear time series using a hybrid linear/nonlinear predictor. Signal Process. 86(9), 2439–2446 (2006)CrossRef T. Izumi, Y. Iiguni, Data compression of nonlinear time series using a hybrid linear/nonlinear predictor. Signal Process. 86(9), 2439–2446 (2006)CrossRef
33.
go back to reference W. Ren, T. Yardley, K. Nahrstedt, ISAAC: intelligent synchrophasor data real-time compression framework for WAMS, in Proceedings of 2017 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (Dresden, 2017), pp. 430–436 W. Ren, T. Yardley, K. Nahrstedt, ISAAC: intelligent synchrophasor data real-time compression framework for WAMS, in Proceedings of 2017 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (Dresden, 2017), pp. 430–436
35.
go back to reference A. Armenia, J.H. Chow, A flexible phasor data concentrator design leveraging existing software technologies. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 1(1), 73–81 (2010)CrossRef A. Armenia, J.H. Chow, A flexible phasor data concentrator design leveraging existing software technologies. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 1(1), 73–81 (2010)CrossRef
36.
go back to reference S. Ghemawat, H. Gobioff, S. Leung, The Google file system, in Proceedings of the 19th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (ACM, Bolto cn Landing, NY, 2003), pp. 20–43 S. Ghemawat, H. Gobioff, S. Leung, The Google file system, in Proceedings of the 19th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (ACM, Bolto cn Landing, NY, 2003), pp. 20–43
37.
go back to reference I. Kosen, C. Huang, Z. Chen, X. Zhang, L. Min, D. Zhou, L. Zhu, Y. Liu, UPS: Unified PMU-Data storage system to enhance T+D PMU Data usability. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 11(1), 739–748 (2020)CrossRef I. Kosen, C. Huang, Z. Chen, X. Zhang, L. Min, D. Zhou, L. Zhu, Y. Liu, UPS: Unified PMU-Data storage system to enhance T+D PMU Data usability. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 11(1), 739–748 (2020)CrossRef
38.
go back to reference J.T. Force, T. Initiative, Security and privacy controls for federal information systems and organizations. NIST Spec. Publ. 800(53), 8–13 (2013) J.T. Force, T. Initiative, Security and privacy controls for federal information systems and organizations. NIST Spec. Publ. 800(53), 8–13 (2013)
39.
go back to reference D.F. Ferraiolo, R. Sandhu, S. Gavrila, D.R. Kuhn, R. Chandramouli, Proposed NIST standard for role-based access control. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. Secur. 4(3), 224–274 (2001)CrossRef D.F. Ferraiolo, R. Sandhu, S. Gavrila, D.R. Kuhn, R. Chandramouli, Proposed NIST standard for role-based access control. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. Secur. 4(3), 224–274 (2001)CrossRef
40.
go back to reference IEEE, IEEE Std 1686-2013 IEEE Standard for Intelligent Electronic Devices Cyber Security Capabilities (2014), pp. 1–29 IEEE, IEEE Std 1686-2013 IEEE Standard for Intelligent Electronic Devices Cyber Security Capabilities (2014), pp. 1–29
41.
go back to reference G. Liang, J. Zhao, F. Luo, S.R. Weller, Z.Y. Dong, A review of false data injection attacks against modern power systems. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 8(4), 1630–1638 (2017)CrossRef G. Liang, J. Zhao, F. Luo, S.R. Weller, Z.Y. Dong, A review of false data injection attacks against modern power systems. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 8(4), 1630–1638 (2017)CrossRef
42.
go back to reference W. Qiu, Q. Tang, Y. Wang, L. Zhan, Y. Liu, W. Yao, Multi-view convolutional neural network for data spoofing cyber-attack detection in distribution synchrophasors, IEEE Trans. Smart Grid (2020) W. Qiu, Q. Tang, Y. Wang, L. Zhan, Y. Liu, W. Yao, Multi-view convolutional neural network for data spoofing cyber-attack detection in distribution synchrophasors, IEEE Trans. Smart Grid (2020)
43.
go back to reference Y. Liu, S. You, W. Yao, Y. Cui, L. Wu, D. Zhou, J. Zhao, H. Liu, Y. Liu, A distribution level wide area monitoring system for the electric power grid–FNET/GridEye. IEEE Access 5, 2329–2338 (2017)CrossRef Y. Liu, S. You, W. Yao, Y. Cui, L. Wu, D. Zhou, J. Zhao, H. Liu, Y. Liu, A distribution level wide area monitoring system for the electric power grid–FNET/GridEye. IEEE Access 5, 2329–2338 (2017)CrossRef
44.
go back to reference D. Zhou, J. Guo, Y. Zhang, J. Chai, H. Liu, Y. Liu, C. Huang, X. Gui, Y. Liu, Distributed data analytics platform for wide-area Synchrophasor measurement systems. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 7(5), 2397–2405 (2016)CrossRef D. Zhou, J. Guo, Y. Zhang, J. Chai, H. Liu, Y. Liu, C. Huang, X. Gui, Y. Liu, Distributed data analytics platform for wide-area Synchrophasor measurement systems. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 7(5), 2397–2405 (2016)CrossRef
45.
go back to reference X. Deng, H. Li, W. Yu, W. Wang, Y. Liu, Frequency observations and statistic analysis of worldwide main power grids using FNET/GridEye, in Proceedings of 2019 IEEE PESGM (IEEE, Atlanta, GA, 2019), pp. 1–5 X. Deng, H. Li, W. Yu, W. Wang, Y. Liu, Frequency observations and statistic analysis of worldwide main power grids using FNET/GridEye, in Proceedings of 2019 IEEE PESGM (IEEE, Atlanta, GA, 2019), pp. 1–5
46.
go back to reference W. Wang, J. Zhao, W. Yu, Y. Liu, FNETVision: A WAMS big data knowledge discovery system, in Proceedings of 2018 IEEE PESGM (IEEE, Portland, OR, 2018), pp. 1–5 W. Wang, J. Zhao, W. Yu, Y. Liu, FNETVision: A WAMS big data knowledge discovery system, in Proceedings of 2018 IEEE PESGM (IEEE, Portland, OR, 2018), pp. 1–5
47.
go back to reference W. Wang, H. Yin, C. Chen, A. Till, W. Yao, X. Deng, Y. Liu, Frequency disturbance event detection based on synchrophasors and deep learning. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid (2020) W. Wang, H. Yin, C. Chen, A. Till, W. Yao, X. Deng, Y. Liu, Frequency disturbance event detection based on synchrophasors and deep learning. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid (2020)
48.
go back to reference W. Wang, W. Yao, C. Chen, X. Deng, Y. Liu, Fast and accurate frequency response estimation for large power system disturbances using second derivative of frequency data. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. (2020) W. Wang, W. Yao, C. Chen, X. Deng, Y. Liu, Fast and accurate frequency response estimation for large power system disturbances using second derivative of frequency data. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. (2020)
49.
go back to reference R. Gardner, J. Bank, J. Wang, A. Arana, Y. Liu, Power system event location analysis using wide-area measurements, in Proceedings of 2006 IEEE PESGM (IEEE, Montreal, QB, 2006), pp. 1–7 R. Gardner, J. Bank, J. Wang, A. Arana, Y. Liu, Power system event location analysis using wide-area measurements, in Proceedings of 2006 IEEE PESGM (IEEE, Montreal, QB, 2006), pp. 1–7
50.
go back to reference Y. Zhang, X. Deng, S. You, J. Dong, W. Yu, Y. Liu, Measurement-driven disturbance magnitude estimations for bulk power systems, in Proceedings of 2019 IEEE PES GTD Grand International Conference and Exposition Asia (2019) Y. Zhang, X. Deng, S. You, J. Dong, W. Yu, Y. Liu, Measurement-driven disturbance magnitude estimations for bulk power systems, in Proceedings of 2019 IEEE PES GTD Grand International Conference and Exposition Asia (2019)
53.
go back to reference R. Jha, N. Senroy, Forced oscillation source location in power systems using system dissipating energy. IET Smart Grid 2(4), 514–521 (2019)CrossRef R. Jha, N. Senroy, Forced oscillation source location in power systems using system dissipating energy. IET Smart Grid 2(4), 514–521 (2019)CrossRef
54.
go back to reference S. Feng, B. Zheng, P. Jiang, J. Lei, A Two-level forced oscillations source location method based on phasor and energy analysis. IEEE Access 6, 44318–44327 S. Feng, B. Zheng, P. Jiang, J. Lei, A Two-level forced oscillations source location method based on phasor and energy analysis. IEEE Access 6, 44318–44327
55.
go back to reference W. Wang, C. Chen, L. Zhu, W. Qiu, K. Sun, Y. Liu, Model-less source location for forced oscillation based on synchrophasor and moving fast fourier transformation, in Proceedings of 2020 IEEE PES ISGT-Europe (IEEE, Hague, The Netherlands, 2020) W. Wang, C. Chen, L. Zhu, W. Qiu, K. Sun, Y. Liu, Model-less source location for forced oscillation based on synchrophasor and moving fast fourier transformation, in Proceedings of 2020 IEEE PES ISGT-Europe (IEEE, Hague, The Netherlands, 2020)
56.
go back to reference W. Yao, S. You, W. Wang, X. Deng, Y. Li, L. Zhan, Y. Liu, A fast load control system based on mobile distribution-level phasor measurement unit. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 11(1), 895–904 (2020)CrossRef W. Yao, S. You, W. Wang, X. Deng, Y. Li, L. Zhan, Y. Liu, A fast load control system based on mobile distribution-level phasor measurement unit. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 11(1), 895–904 (2020)CrossRef
57.
go back to reference T. Li, Y. Li, M. Liao, W. Wang, C. Zeng, A new wind power forecasting approach based on conjugated gradient neural network. Math. Probl. Eng. 2016, 1–8 (2016) T. Li, Y. Li, M. Liao, W. Wang, C. Zeng, A new wind power forecasting approach based on conjugated gradient neural network. Math. Probl. Eng. 2016, 1–8 (2016)
58.
go back to reference W. Wang, K. Sun, C. Chen, W. Qiu, H. Yin, S. You, W. Yao, J. Dong, C. Zeng, X. Deng, Y. Liu, Advanced synchrophasor-based application for potential distributed energy resources management: key technology, challenge and vision, in Proceedings of 2020 IAS I&CPS Asia (IEEE, Weihai, China, 2020) W. Wang, K. Sun, C. Chen, W. Qiu, H. Yin, S. You, W. Yao, J. Dong, C. Zeng, X. Deng, Y. Liu, Advanced synchrophasor-based application for potential distributed energy resources management: key technology, challenge and vision, in Proceedings of 2020 IAS I&CPS Asia (IEEE, Weihai, China, 2020)
59.
go back to reference S. Parhizi, H. Lotfi, A. Khodaei, S. Bahramirad, State of the art in research on microgrids: a review. IEEE Access 3, 890–925 (2015)CrossRef S. Parhizi, H. Lotfi, A. Khodaei, S. Bahramirad, State of the art in research on microgrids: a review. IEEE Access 3, 890–925 (2015)CrossRef
61.
go back to reference WECC Data Exchange Work Group, Guideline for WECC operations network node responsibilities and procedures, WECC (2012) WECC Data Exchange Work Group, Guideline for WECC operations network node responsibilities and procedures, WECC (2012)
62.
go back to reference H.H. Alhelou, M.H. Golshan, J. Askari-Marnani, Robust sensor fault detection and isolation scheme for interconnected smart power systems in presence of RER and EVs using unknown input observer. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 99, 682–694 (2018)CrossRef H.H. Alhelou, M.H. Golshan, J. Askari-Marnani, Robust sensor fault detection and isolation scheme for interconnected smart power systems in presence of RER and EVs using unknown input observer. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 99, 682–694 (2018)CrossRef
63.
go back to reference H.H. Alhelou, M.E. Hamedani-Golshan, R. Zamani, E. Heydarian-Forushani, P. Siano, Challenges and opportunities of load frequency control in conventional, modern and future smart power systems: a comprehensive review. Energies 11(10), 2497 (2018)CrossRef H.H. Alhelou, M.E. Hamedani-Golshan, R. Zamani, E. Heydarian-Forushani, P. Siano, Challenges and opportunities of load frequency control in conventional, modern and future smart power systems: a comprehensive review. Energies 11(10), 2497 (2018)CrossRef
64.
go back to reference H. Haes Alhelou, M.E. Hamedani Golshan, M. Hajiakbari Fini, Wind driven optimization algorithm application to load frequency control in interconnected power systems considering GRC and GDB nonlinearities. Electric Power Compon. Syst. 46(11–12), 1223–1238 (2018)CrossRef H. Haes Alhelou, M.E. Hamedani Golshan, M. Hajiakbari Fini, Wind driven optimization algorithm application to load frequency control in interconnected power systems considering GRC and GDB nonlinearities. Electric Power Compon. Syst. 46(11–12), 1223–1238 (2018)CrossRef
65.
go back to reference H. Haes Alhelou, M.E. Hamedani-Golshan, T.C. Njenda, P. Siano, A survey on power system blackout and cascading events: research motivations and challenges. Energies 12(4), 682 (2019)CrossRef H. Haes Alhelou, M.E. Hamedani-Golshan, T.C. Njenda, P. Siano, A survey on power system blackout and cascading events: research motivations and challenges. Energies 12(4), 682 (2019)CrossRef
66.
go back to reference H.H. Alhelou, M.E.H. Golshan, N.D. Hatziargyriou, A decentralized functional observer based optimal LFC considering unknown inputs, uncertainties, and cyber-attacks. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 34(6), 4408–4417 (2019)CrossRef H.H. Alhelou, M.E.H. Golshan, N.D. Hatziargyriou, A decentralized functional observer based optimal LFC considering unknown inputs, uncertainties, and cyber-attacks. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 34(6), 4408–4417 (2019)CrossRef
67.
go back to reference H.H. Alhelou, M.E.H. Golshan, N.D. Hatziargyriou, Deterministic dynamic state estimation-based optimal lfc for interconnected power systems using unknown input observer. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid (2019) H.H. Alhelou, M.E.H. Golshan, N.D. Hatziargyriou, Deterministic dynamic state estimation-based optimal lfc for interconnected power systems using unknown input observer. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid (2019)
68.
go back to reference H.H. Alhelou, S.J. Mirjalili, R. Zamani, P. Siano, Assessing the optimal generation technology mix determination considering demand response and EVs. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 119, 105871 (2020)CrossRef H.H. Alhelou, S.J. Mirjalili, R. Zamani, P. Siano, Assessing the optimal generation technology mix determination considering demand response and EVs. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 119, 105871 (2020)CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Information and Communication Infrastructures in Modern Wide-Area Systems
Authors
Weikang Wang
Kaiqi Sun
Chujie Zeng
Chang Chen
Wei Qiu
Shutang You
Yilu Liu
Copyright Year
2021
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54275-7_3