Innovative Solutions Towards Achieving Comprehensive Restoration of Petroleum-Contaminated Soils

Composting is an effective and cost-efficient engineering technique used to treat agricultural waste. It involves the conversion of organic materials into stable compounds and the rapid degradation of organic matter through microorganisms found in feces. The resulting high-quality fertilizer can improve soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. However, the excessive use of heavy metals in livestock breeding can restrict the use of livestock manure for composting. Long-term application of compost products containing heavy metals can cause irreversible damage to farmland soil environments. This paper summarizes several important factors that affect the detoxification of heavy metals in composting and discusses the passivation effect of typical heavy metal passivators. The detoxification mechanism of heavy metals in compost is summarized from two perspectives: the humification effect of heavy metals and the environmental interface effects of microorganisms. This paper provides a foundation for improving the agronomic use value of avian manure aerobic composting products and for studying heavy metal passivation in compost. The application of aerobic composting in the remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil exhibits a dual impact, primarily focusing on the synergistic effects on petroleum hydrocarbon degradation and soil improvement. Such research endeavors are poised to offer innovative solutions towards achieving comprehensive restoration of petroleum-contaminated soils.