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Published in:
Was ist Genetik? Read chapter Read first chapter

2020 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

9. Instabilität, Flexibilität und Variabilität des Genoms

Author : Jochen Graw

Published in: Genetik

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Zusammenfassung

Bei der Untersuchung der molekularen Struktur des Genoms machte man die unerwartete Entdeckung, dass das eukaryotische Genom zum größten Teil nicht aus Protein-codierenden DNA-Sequenzen besteht, sondern aus vielen identischen oder sehr ähnlichen Kopien. Ein Teil davon ist in heterochromatischen Chromosomenabschnitten lokalisiert, ein anderer als Einzelkopien über das gesamte Genom verstreut. Die erstaunlich großen Unterschiede im DNA-Gehalt der Genome höherer Organismen müssen hauptsächlich Unterschieden in der Menge von Sequenzwiederholungen zugeschrieben werden.
Zu solchen Wiederholungselementen gehören auch solche, die ihre Positionen innerhalb des Genoms verändern (Transposons). Dabei können sie auch DNA-Stücke aus der Nachbarschaft ihrer Insertionsstellen im Genom mitnehmen. Transposons sind daher in der Lage, komplexere Veränderungen im Genom zu induzieren und eventuell sogar Neukombinationen funktioneller Genbereiche zu bewirken, wie es etwa durch Verlagerung und Neukombination von Exons vorstellbar ist.

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previous chapter Epigenetik
next chapter Veränderungen im Genom: Mutationen
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Metadata
Title
Instabilität, Flexibilität und Variabilität des Genoms
Author
Jochen Graw
Copyright Year
2020
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Book
Genetik

Print ISBN: 978-3-662-60908-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-662-60909-5

Copyright Year: 2020

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60909-5_9

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