Integration of renewables and electric vehicles into the smart grid – innovative energy management strategies and implementation

Electric vehicles (EVs) have important roles not only as the sustainable mobility but also as the distributed energy storage in the smart grid. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), which enable the EV to supply power and energy for the grid, requires the bi-directional power flow control and the two-way communication with utilities.In this research, innovative energy management strategies of multiple EVs simultaneously considering vehicle user convenience, realistic structure of communication and control handling the multiple EVs, and harmonization to the distribution and transmission grid. The proposed strategies are being validated by a unique power, control, communication hardware-in-the-loop-simulation (HILS) implementing communication and control of these strategies into a commercialized EV, an EV supply equipment (EVSE), and a power grid real-time simulator. Both dynamical behaviour of the distributed battery and inverter interface and its system-wide effect to the power grid is evaluated in a laboratory test bed.