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Intelligence Security in the European Union

Building a Strategic Intelligence Community

  • 2016
  • Book
Author
Artur Gruszczak
Book Series
New Security Challenges
Publisher
Palgrave Macmillan UK
Part of
Springer Professional "Business + Economics & Engineering + Technology"
Springer Professional "Business + Economics"
insite
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About this book

This book investigates the emergence of an EU strategic intelligence community as a complex multi-dimensional networked construction. It examines the constitution, structure and performance of EU intelligence arrangements as part of security policies of the European Union.

Intelligence security has become a remarkable feature of the European integration processes. This study assess the ability of EU Member States, as well as relevant institutions and agencies, to develop effective, legitimate and accountable institutions and mechanisms for collection, transmission, processing and exchange of intelligence. In this regard, synergy is a key indicator that validates the ability to create the European strategic intelligence community in the EU’s legal and institutional framework.

This groundbreaking project constructs a comprehensive model of the intelligence community as a distorted epistemic community tailored to singularities of EU security policies and systemic arrangements provided by EU institutions and agencies.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
The introduction presents the overall concept of intelligence security in the EU. It begins by outlining the conceptual framework and the problem. It goes on to consider intelligence cooperation in the context of the EU’s security policies, reflecting upon its legal, organisational and institutional aspects. An overview of scholarship on EU intelligence cooperation is followed by the presentation of research problems and hypotheses with their corresponding methodological bases. The final section explains the structure of the book.
Artur Gruszczak
Chapter 2. The Strategic Intelligence Community
Abstract
This chapter introduces the concept of intelligence and elaborates on its meaning, theoretical foundations, explanatory properties and cognitive values. The meaning of strategic intelligence is also explained. The concept of intelligence community is presented and discussed with reference to the related terms ‘security community’ and ‘epistemic community’. The cognitive framework explained in this chapter focuses on transnational network structures of bilateral or multilateral interconnections built on common strategic interests, congenial ideological bases and like-minded attitudes to national interests. Considerable differences in the understandings of the intelligence community by EU officials and government representatives are explained by the interpretation of the EU intelligence community as a distorted epistemic community.
Artur Gruszczak
Chapter 3. Intelligence Tradecraft in the European Union
Abstract
Intelligence tradecraft is defined as the methods developed and practised by every single actor involved in information management and intelligence production. This chapter reflects upon the relevance of secrecy and openness in today’s intelligence analysis. It also highlights the selective presence of the main intelligence disciplines at the strategic level of EU intelligence cooperation. The intelligence cycle inherent in strategic analyses of military aspects of security is juxtaposed with the policy cycle applicable to internal security and criminal intelligence. A general assessment of EU intelligence tradecraft captures horizontal and vertical determinants stemming from variable interactions between national and supranational actors. This chapter also offers some explanation of the quintessence of EU intelligence cooperation in technical and organisational terms.
Artur Gruszczak
Chapter 4. Military Intelligence in the EU
Abstract
Military intelligence cooperation illustrates the predominance of vertical cooperation driven by Member States’ strategies and doctrines of national security. The problem of defence through military means and support for operations ‘out of EU area’ is tackled in the context of the deficit of political will on the part of EU Member States and the political ambitions of the Commission and the High Representative for CFSP. Political endorsement for the concept of CSDP is considered as a catalyst for the progressive expansion of military intelligence cooperation at the EU level. The establishment of intelligence-led units in the field of security and defence policy is explained in relation to military tasks corresponding to overseas missions and operations conducted by EU forces.
Artur Gruszczak
Chapter 5. Situational Intelligence and Early Warning
Abstract
This chapter is devoted to crisis management in the EU and the role of intelligence in developing early warning and crisis-management capabilities. The mechanisms comprising the Crisis Management Procedures are considered against the need to process and efficiently direct a large flow of information to appropriate EU agencies, such as the Situation Room or Watch-Keeping Capability. The EU Crisis Response System is also examined in the light of institutional capabilities of translating intelligence into effective decisions and actions. The chapter concludes with remarks on the EU’s capacity for forecast analysis and scenario planning in terms of effective risk management and threat assessment.
Artur Gruszczak
Chapter 6. Socio-Cultural Intelligence in the EU
Abstract
EU foreign policy and external relations constitute another dimension of the EU intelligence community. This chapter explains the relevance of socio-cultural intelligence for the EU’s external activities. The political-diplomatic hub established within EEAS is described as a set of intelligence tools and practices related to the monitoring of areas outside the Union. The role of EEAS is analysed in the context of the surveillance and assessment of the external environment of the Union. The significance of the COREU network in matters of foreign affairs and security is also assessed. Finally, the case of socio-cultural intelligence practised by the EU during the Arab Spring in North Africa is analysed in detail.
Artur Gruszczak
Chapter 7. Criminal Intelligence in the EU
Abstract
Internal security has an increasing impact on the overall security policies of the EU. This chapter seeks to examine how strategic intelligence at the EU level has contributed to cross-border cooperation in the areas of law enforcement and criminal justice. Relevant agencies, mostly Europol, Eurojust and Frontex, are assessed in terms of their involvement in criminal information exchange, analysis and intelligence sharing. The chapter also highlights the complex network architecture of institutional linkages and emphasises specific elements of intelligence tradecraft adopted in the internal security hub. The European Criminal Intelligence Model, the EU policy cycle for organised and serious international crime and risk analysis models are evaluated as intelligence-driven approaches to internal security.
Artur Gruszczak
Chapter 8. External Dimensions of EU Intelligence Cooperation
Abstract
The EU intelligence community has emerged in a global context of transnational threats, external pressures and global risks. This chapter describes the partnerships, collaborative efforts and tactical deals made by the EU with actors in the international arena. It explores both opportunities and benefits, and emerging and improving patterns of international intelligence cooperation. The emphasis is on NATO and the United States as strategic partners in security policy. The external dimension of the criminal intelligence hub is presented as an area that complements EU law-enforcement cooperation. The chapter concludes with an overall assessment of third countries’ relevance for strategic intelligence in the EU.
Artur Gruszczak
Chapter 9. Network Synergies in the EU Intelligence Community
Abstract
This chapter identifies and analyses synergetic mechanisms emerging in institutional, political and strategic domains of the EU intelligence community. A multi-variant exercise in the central section tests the viability of interactions among particular intelligence hubs which function in permeable and intersecting security fields. The concept of fusion centres is discussed as a practical example of synergy building among diverse intelligence stakeholders. In the final part, a map of intelligence synergies in the EU is presented and explained. It draws on a comprehensive approach to intelligence in the EU and functional relationships between institutional entities concentrated in the hubs. The complex network organisation is verified with reference to interactions, connections, dependencies and feedbacks among the hubs.
Artur Gruszczak
Chapter 10. EU Intelligence Oversight
Abstract
This chapter considers the democratic oversight of the EU intelligence community. Although it has no autonomous operational capabilities, this community manages the bulk of information discreetly provided by Member States, contributes to the transfer of sensitive data and handles a wide variety of intelligence deliverables. Given the specific nature of EU intelligence cooperation, this chapter elaborates on the concept of tri-dimensional accountability. It underscores the peculiar aspects of intelligence cooperation in the EU by analysing the oversight and control functions performed by EU institutions and bodies in two dimensions: the horizontal and the vertical. It also frames the complexity of EU intelligence control mechanisms in the context of tensions between national scrutiny and supranational oversight.
Artur Gruszczak
Chapter 11. Conclusions: The Maturing EU Intelligence Community
Abstract
The concluding chapter makes an overall assessment of the EU intelligence community as a cooperative network based on an enhanced capacity to deliver and share. It highlights specific features of this community as a complex network of agencies and practices dedicated to securing strategic EU interests. Referring to the metaphor of ‘hunters and gatherers’, it discusses the impediments to the establishment of a single EU intelligence agency. It concludes with a thesis that the complex network of institutions, agencies and services involved in the gathering, processing, analysing and exchanging of intelligence in the framework of EU law makes a remarkable contribution to EU security policies and strengthens the preventive capability of EU agencies and national authorities.
Artur Gruszczak
Backmatter
Title
Intelligence Security in the European Union
Author
Artur Gruszczak
Copyright Year
2016
Electronic ISBN
978-1-137-45512-3
Print ISBN
978-1-137-45511-6
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-45512-3

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