Intelligent Energy Management for EV Charging Stations: Integrating Renewable Energy and Energy Storage System

Electric vehicles, with their environmental friendliness and sustainability, have become a great attraction compared to the traditional internal combustion engines. Additionally, they are used to mitigate the increasingly aggravation problems of demand for power due to the extensive provision of electric vehicle charging stations. The paper presents the integration of photovoltaic arrays with grid-connected electric vehicle charging stations. It also proposes a novel energy management control strategy aimed at achieving an optimal energy efficiency for different probable scenarios of operations. It ensures coordinated operation to provide maximum energy efficiency, allowing power sharing from the Photovoltaic system to the electricity grid. The system also provides for direct charging of the electric vehicle through solar energy using MPPTs and reserve to the power from the grid when the PV energy is not available. Further, the system can supply excess PV power back to the grid during those periods when it goes unused for charging EVs. A characteristic that supports reverse power flow enables a high-level implementation of smart-EV-grid architecture where electric vehicles can be used for the reduction of grid demand. The proposed flexible approach is also applicable to traditional EV charging stations. System design will account for diverse environmental conditions. The design of power electronic converters used within the system is studied using detailed modeling.