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2019 | Book

Interactive Approaches to Water Governance in Asia

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About this book

This book applies interactive perspectives, which have historically mainly been discussed in the context of Western European countries, to case studies on water governance in Asia. It examines how these perspectives can be used to reveal complex and dynamic interactions in water governance in Asia, and how interactions between policies and practices, as well as those between formal institutes and emerging informal institutes, come to pass. In two introductory chapters and seven case studies in Asia (two from China, and each one from Japan, Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia, and India), the book reveals the interactive forms currently emerging in Asia under hierarchical but often fragmented administrative systems.

In addition, it explores emerging hybrid forms of interactive governance, which bring together governmental and non-governmental actors, and discusses how the expected role of government and roles of non-governmental actors could be changed to solve problems in a more cooperative manner. In this context, researchers from outside the locality could play an important role, helping facilitate such forms of interactive governance.

The book offers extensive information on the essential features of interactive forms, and on the role of such transdisciplinary approaches, making it a valuable resource not only for scholars and university students, but also for policymakers and grass-roots practitioners directly involved in the interactive process of water governance.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Interactive Perspectives on Water Governance in Asia
Abstract
This chapter argues for the importance of water governance perspectives in addressing water issues in Asia, focusing on interactions between policy and practice and between formal institutions and informal practices. First, the concepts of IWRM are revisited by referring to international guidelines. Next, major international perspectives on water governance as well as the concept of basin governance are reviewed, followed by ways to develop proper concepts for Asian countries and communities through interactive approaches. Finally, this chapter identifies issues to be discussed in each chapter of this book and synthesizes our findings while addressing remained tasks to be pursued further.
Kenji Otsuka
Chapter 2. Citizen Initiatives in Water Governance in the Netherlands: Reflection and Implication to Asian Cases
Abstract
This chapter reviews preceding cases of citizen engagement in water governance in the country, focusing on the interaction and relationship between citizen initiatives and governmental agencies in two cases from the Room for the River program, in order to provide a reference for Asian cases depicted in the following chapters. In the Netherlands, the traditional sectoral engineering approach has been used for water management for many years. However, the transition from this traditional method to an interactive method for integrated water management co-produced by citizens and government has been accelerated. Through comparative studies of two cases of flood risk management projects, this chapter shows contextual differences in the strategy, resources, and goals of initiators and governmental responses to stakeholder initiatives. The findings and discussions in this chapter contribute to the development of the theory of water governance and provide a perspective to analyze Asian cases where the role of government is still dominant in water governance.
Jurian Edelenbos
Chapter 3. Contextual Factors Affecting the Modes of Interaction in Governance: The Case of Dam Removal in Japan
Abstract
This chapter discusses the first Japanese case of dam removal policy. The Arase Dam in Kumamoto Prefecture was built for hydropower generation as a symbol of economic development in 1955. After its construction, local residents came to realize the damage caused by the dam, such as flood damage and eutrophication of the reservoir. In parallel with the anti-dam construction movement, at another site in the same river basin, the local village and fishermen began to ask the prefectural government to remove the Arase Dam when the permit for hydropower generation expired in 2003. Until the governor of the prefecture decided to remove the dam, there had been a series of complex interactions among different levels of government, local residents, fishery cooperatives, and downstream farmers, with political dynamics from changes of top leaders in elections. This chapter focuses on the contextual factors in interactive governance and stresses the importance of resistance strategy, which has been discussed in case studies of local commons in Japan, rather than collaborative governance discussed in many water governance studies.
Tomohiko Ohno
Chapter 4. Interactive Participation Under a Fragmented Administration System: Watershed Governance in Zhejiang Province, China
Abstract
This chapter focuses on several types of participatory mechanism currently observed in watershed management in Zhejiang Province. The watershed roundtable mechanism is a new mechanism with aims similar to that used for Taihu Lake Basin initiated by an expert team; however, there are now diverse types of roundtable meetings in the province. In particular, after the provincial water policy called the Five Water Collaborative Governance was issued, new forms of roundtable meetings have been launched. The Our Water Roundtable, which was organized by an environmental nongovernmental organization (NGO) in Hangzhou City, and the Tie Sha River roundtable, organized by an environmental voluntary group founded by the Environmental Protection Bureau and the Communist Youth League of Hangzhou City, focused on the river issues. This chapter discusses how to lead successful interactive participation, which means one interactive form emerged in this region, beyond the consultative authoritarianism in China, and reviews the processes and characteristics of these roundtables.
Guohan Liu
Chapter 5. Interactive Governance of Water Environment in Taihu Lake Basin: A Challenge of Legitimacy Under the Authoritarian Regime in China
Abstract
This chapter focuses on the pilot project initiated jointly by Japanese and Chinese research institutes in some communities in an industrial development zone in Yixing City, Jiangsu Province, which is located in the lakefront of Taihu Lake Basin. Here, the large coastal city, Wuxi City, experienced a drinking water crisis due to a huge bloom of blue-green algae in 2007. Subsequently, state, provincial, and local governments took more intensive measures to control water pollution in the basin. However, such top-down governance requires a bottom-up mechanism to be sustainable and effective in the long term. The joint research team conducted eight meetings with the cooperation of the local community leader and grassroots government in their pilot project and identified achievements and difficulties in initiating a bottom-up, interactive mechanism without an official institution. This chapter focuses on the issue of legitimacy in its discussion and introduces the concept of institutional legitimacy to address problems in promoting interactive governance under the authoritarian regime in China.
Kenji Otsuka
Chapter 6. Civil Society and Water Governance in Northern Thailand: Local NGOs and Management of Mekong’s Tributaries in Chiang Rai
Abstract
This chapter focuses on two cases of people’s organizations in water governance in Northern Thailand and aims to reveal the role of civil society as a stakeholder in water management, including water allocation and flood prevention of the Mekong’s tributaries in Chiang Rai. This chapter clarifies the interaction and coordination between local NGOs and government authorities, focusing on participatory opportunities and negotiation capacity. Through the two case studies of the People’s Council of Ing River and water allocation and the Association of Chiang Saen Livable City and Kok River Basin Ecology Group and flood prevention by telemetry and early warning systems, this chapter argues the limitations of local NGOs’ participation and their negotiation with government authorities in interactive, cooperative way of water governance.
Siriporn Wajjwalku
Chapter 7. Interactive Governance for Sustainable Resource Use and Environmental Management: A Case Study of Yaman ng Lawa Initiative in the Laguna Lake Watershed, Philippines
Abstract
This chapter deals with the watershed and water resource management of Laguna Lake in the Philippines. Laguna Lake is the largest freshwater lake in the Philippines and is located next to the capital, Metropolitan Manila. Due to urbanization and industrialization, the lake’s water quality is deteriorating, and water resource management is now urgently required. This chapter reviews the Philippines’ water governance and its history and framework and then examines the activities and roles of stakeholders for Laguna Lake. This chapter also focuses on the Laguna Lake Development Authority and the role of the Yaman ng Lawa Initiative in local community activities for managing and using the lake and its watersheds sustainably. This chapter discusses how community mechanisms can produce social capital by interactive governance in the lake basin.
Tadayoshi Masuda
Chapter 8. Action Research Aimed at Contextualizing Partnership in Irrigation Water Management in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Abstract
This chapter examines the process and outcomes of action research on irrigation management in Sulawesi, Indonesia. The objectives of the research were to provide an opportunity for old and new stakeholders to meet, discuss, and make decisions together and to provide experience of using interactive processes in implementing agreed-upon solutions. By jointly experiencing challenges and successes based on mutual decision-making with moderate support from the researchers, a space for participation and creating contextualized roles and responsibilities was formed based on the sociocultural situation. Moreover, this occurred regardless of whether the participant was on the “governing” or “governed” side. This chapter addresses the dynamic integration of local customs and government-led systems facing mutual discontinuity, which is a concern from the cultural perspective of interactive governance.
Kazuko Oguni
Chapter 9. Interactive Governance at Anasagar Lake Management in India: Analyzing Using Institutional Analysis Development Framework
Abstract
The governance of Anasagar toward its sustainability is driven by the physical, institutional, and community characteristics and their interrelations. They are crucial to document and understand the interactive water governance process in the urban lakes of India. Anasagar is located in the heart of pilgrim city of Ajmer city in Rajasthan India. The lake has been historically a rainwater harvesting reservoir; however, today not only rainwater but also wastewater is running into the lake. In the recent lake restoration process, the decided full tank water level of the lake has led to submergence of several developments at the lake shore. This has led to dissatisfaction among the local people since several of the submerged lands belong to them. Anasagar is an atypical lake in India whose lake area is divided into several land parcels and ownerships including both private and government. The water pollution continues in the lake since the inlet drainages carrying rainwater and wastewater from the surrounding hills and the urban development are awaiting treatments before flowing into the lake. Facing the dilemma of development and conservation of the lake by the physical, institutional, and community factors, the chapter discusses the complex problems and processes that influence the lake governance toward sustainable development.
Mansee Bhargava
Metadata
Title
Interactive Approaches to Water Governance in Asia
Editor
Kenji Otsuka
Copyright Year
2019
Publisher
Springer Singapore
Electronic ISBN
978-981-13-2399-7
Print ISBN
978-981-13-2398-0
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2399-7

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