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2016 | Book

Geospatial Information Technology Read chapter Read first chapter

Introduction to Geospatial Information and Communication Technology (GeoICT)

Author: Rifaat Abdalla

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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About this book

This book is designed to help students and researchers understand the latest research and development trends in the domain of geospatial information and communication (GeoICT) technologies. Accordingly, it covers the fundamentals of geospatial information systems, spatial positioning technologies, and networking and mobile communications, with a focus on OGC and OGC standards, Internet GIS, and location-based services. Particular emphasis is placed on introducing GeoICT as an integrated technology that effectively bridges various information-technology domains.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Geospatial Information Technology
Abstract
The field of geographical information systems (GIS) is a swiftly rising technical arena that incorporates graphical features along with tabular data to help evaluate real world features. What is currently known as the GIS discipline began around the mid-1960s with the discovery that maps may very well be programmed using a simple code, after which it is stored in some computer, thus allowing for potential modification when needed, and linked to a database. This development seemed to be a welcome respite from the era associated with hand cartography when maps were crafted with difficulty, by hand, as a form of artistic work; even small improvements required the creation of a new map. The initial version of a GIS was purely computer-assisted cartography. It comprised a classic series of work to signify land features. From that evolved the early idea of overlaying different mapped features together with each other to determine patterns and reasons behind spatial occurrences.
Rifaat Abdalla
Chapter 2. Spatial-Positioning Technology
Abstract
Spatial-positioning technologies are technologies that supply location or position information, applications, and services related to specific users while using the Global Positioning System (GPS). It gives operators an opportunity to precisely find a location, and as a result it enhances revenues, provides new services, and meet general public safety demands. For example, the available services support end user through different means including the support for emergency response using emergency call-up devices as well as support for customers in finding the best products at price tags identified in location-aware systems for vehicle routing, tracking, location finding, and business transactions.
Rifaat Abdalla
Chapter 3. Networking and Web-Services
Abstract
Applications of the traditional network (Internet/Intranet) are usually client–server based where many clients communicate with a shared server for application solutions and services. Samples of this kind of application services include email servers, Web servers, and file servers. This type of centralized computer includes several fundamental impediments: scalability, resiliency, and flexibility and mobility. In today’s status of the World Wide Web (WWW), many people might be using the very same server at the same time. It is not easy to host a server for many people and also keep on being online consistently. Current technology has contributed to making this much easier, yet there are some challenges with popular servers access by many clients.
Rifaat Abdalla
Chapter 4. Distributed GIS Technology
Abstarct
The term “distributed system” refers to a gathering of (most likely heterogeneous) automata whose annexation is transparent to the user so that the system appears on one single machine. That is relatively related to the network where the user is aware that there are a few machines, and their area, storage replication, load balancing, and functionality is not transparent. Distributed systems in most circumstances use various forms of networking and connections among the machines on the same network.
Rifaat Abdalla
Chapter 5. Mobile GIS and Location-Based Services (LBS)
Abstract
Mobile GIS and location-based services (LBS) are arms of geospatial information and communication technology (GeoICT). Both Mobile GIS and LBSs provide a strong interaction with other geospatial and Information technology that allows for providing up-to-date technology solutions for the public. This certainly helps in expanding the understanding of this new concept of GeoICT, which allow more technology‒user interaction.
Rifaat Abdalla
Chapter 6. Geospatial Data Integration
Abstract
Geospatial-data integration is a process that involves collecting data from different sources at different collection modes and unifying them in a unique database to provide a unified environment for processing, modeling, and visualization. There are certain considerations to be able to integrate different data sources in a unique database. These include the following: spatial reference of the data, projection of the data, and format of the data. Geospatial-data integration can be either loose integration or tight integration. Data-integration techniques are evolving day by day and are now used in many application domains including life science and engineering.
Rifaat Abdalla
Chapter 7. GeoICT Standards
Abstract
A standard is a reference record endorsed by a perceived institutionalization organization, for example, the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) or International Standards Organization (ISO). It characterizes the attributes and voluntary principles pertinent to a set of domain specific activities that requires common processes to address them or deal with them.
Rifaat Abdalla
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
Introduction to Geospatial Information and Communication Technology (GeoICT)
Author
Rifaat Abdalla
Copyright Year
2016
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-33603-9
Print ISBN
978-3-319-33602-2
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33603-9

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