6. Introduction

Truss-Z (TZ) is another example of Extremely Modular Systems (EMS). TZs are comprised of a single Truss-Z module (TZM) subjected to affine transformations (mirror reflection, rotation, and their combinations). These transformations produce four variations of TZM which allow to create complex three-dimensional linkages. TZ is a self-supporting skeletal system for pedestrian traffic. It is intended as a universal and practical system for new installations, but most importantly, for retrofitting. TZs are particularly practical where the use of heavy equipment is limited, uneconomic or impossible. Moreover, TZ also supports automated generation of optimal three-dimensional connectors where the only required inputs are: the positions of the terminals and the geometrical informations of the obstacles. Firstly, the issue of the conflict between modularity and free-from in architectural and structural engineering is addressed. Secondly, the concept of TZ as a ramp system and TZM are described. Thirdly, preliminary static analysis of TZM is given, followed by the concept of foldable TZ system and presentation of various fabrication methods of TZ physical reduction scale models.