Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Published in:
Cover of the book

2016 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

1. Introduction

Author : Shixin Ivy Zhang

Published in: Chinese War Correspondents

Publisher: Springer Singapore

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This introductory chapter discusses the significance of studying contemporary Chinese war correspondents and defines them as non-specialist journalists who have covered wars and conflict outside China at least once. It proposes a new cascading media and conflict model to study these correspondents. The new model takes the reporter-centric approach and demonstrates that both domestic and global variables at different levels impact war reporting. A feedback loop also exists to reinforce the values and performances of war correspondents.
The book is divided into two parts. The first one deals with general themes and the second focuses on case studies of the Libyan War, Syrian War, Afghanistan War, and Palestinian-Israeli conflict.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
next chapter Motivations, Roles, and Digital Technology
Literature
Allan, S. (2006). Online news: Journalism and the Internet. Berkshire: Open University Press.
Althaus, S. L., Edy, J. A., Entman, R. M., & Phalen, P. (1996). Revising the indexing hypothesis: Officials, media, and the Libya crisis. Political Communication, 13, 407–421.CrossRef
Anderson, F., & Trembath, R. (2011). Witnesses to war: The history of Australian conflict reporting. Melbourne: Melbourne University Publishing.
Archetti, C. (2010). Comparing international coverage of 9/11: Towards an interdisciplinary explanation of the construction of news. Journalism, 11(5), 567–588.CrossRef
Archetti, C. (2011). Which future for foreign correspondence? – London foreign correspondents in the age of global media. Paper presented to The Future of Journalism Conference, Cardiff University, Cardiff.
Bahador, B. (2007). The CNN effect in action: How the news media pushed the West toward war in Kosovo. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRef
Bennett, W. (1990). Toward a theory of press-state relations in the United States. Journal of Communication, 40(2), 103–125.CrossRef
Boyd-Barrett, O. (2004). Understanding the second casualty. In S. Allan & B. Zelizer (Eds.), Reporting war (pp. 25–42). Oxon: Routledge.
Carruthers, S. L. (2000). The media at war. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Chan, G. (1998). Chinese perspectives on peace and development. Peace Review, 10(1), 35–41.CrossRef
Cohen, A. A. (2002). Globalisation Ltd: Domestication at the boundaries of foreign television news. In J. M. Chan & B. T. McIntyre (Eds.), In search of boundaries: Communication, nation-states and cultural identities. Westport: Ablex Publishing.
Dickson, S. (1992). Press and U.S. policy toward Nicaragua, 1983–1987: A study of the New York Times and Washington Post. Journalism Quarterly, 69(autumn), 562–571.
Edy, J. A. (2008). Indexing theory. In L. L. Kaid & C. Holtz-Batcha (Eds.), Encyclopedia of political communication. London: Sage.
Entman, R. E. (1991). Framing U.S. coverage of international news: Contrasts in narratives of the KAL and Iran air incidents. Journal of Communication, 41, 6–27.CrossRef
Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58.CrossRef
Entman, R. E. (2008). Theorizing mediated public diplomacy: The U.S. case. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 13, 87.CrossRef
Fahmy, S., & Eakin, B. (2014). High drama on the high seas: Peace versus war journalism framing of an Israeli/Palestinian related incident. The International Communication Gazette, 76(1), 86–105.CrossRef
Fahmy, S., & Johnson, T. J. (2005). “How we reported”: Embedded journalists’ attitudes and perceptions towards covering the Iraq War. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 82(2), 301–307.CrossRef
Fawcett, L. (2002). Why peace journalism isn’t news. Journalism Studies, 3(2), 213–223.CrossRef
Galtung, J. (1998, September 3–6). Peace journalism: What, why, who, how, when, where. Paper presented at the workshop ‘What are Journalists for?’ TRANSCEND, Taplow Court, UK.
Galtung, J. (2002). Peace journalism – A challenge. In K. Wilhelm & L. Heikki (Eds.), Journalism and the new world order, vol. 2: Studying war and the media (pp. 259–272). Go¨teborg: Nordicom.
Gilboa, E. (2002). Global communication and foreign policy. Journal of Communication, 52, 4.
Gurevitch, M., et al. (1991). The global newsroom: Convergences and diversities in the globalisation of television news. In P. Dahlgren & C. Sparks (Eds.), Communication and citizenship – Journalism and the public sphere. London: Routledge.
Hachten, W. A., & Scotton, J. F. (2007). The world news prism. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
Hackett, R. A. (2006). Is peace journalism possible? Three frameworks for assessing structure and agency in news media. Conflict and Communication Online, 5(2). www.​cco.​regener-online.​de
Hallin, D. (1986). The “uncensored war”: The media and Vietnam. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hanitzsch, T. (2004). Journalists as peacekeeping force? Peace journalism and mass communication theory. Journalism Studies, 5(4), 483–495.CrossRef
Hawkins, V. (2011). Media selectivity and the other side of the CNN effect: The consequences of not paying attention to conflict. Media, War and Conflict, 4(1), 55–68.CrossRef
Herman, E. S., & Chomsky, N. (1988, 2002). Manufacturing consent. New York: Pantheon Books.
Huang, C. (2003). Transitional media vs normative theories: Schramm, Altschull, and China. Journal of Communication, 53(3), 444–459.CrossRef
Irvan, S. (2006). Peace journalism as a normative theory: Premises and obstacles. Global Media Journal: Mediterranean Edition, 1(2), 34–39.
Jacobsen, P. V. (2000). Focus on the CNN effect misses the point: The real media impact on conflict management is invisible and indirect. Journal of Peace Research, 37(2), 131–143.CrossRef
Joseph, T. (2014). Mediating war and peace: Mass media and international conflict. India Quarterly, 70(3), 225–240.
Kellner, D. (2008). War correspondents, the military and propaganda: Some critical reflections. International Journal of Communication, 2, 297–330.
Kim, S. (2000). Making a difference: U.S. press coverage of the Kwangju and Tiananmen pro-democracy movements. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 77(winter). 22–36.
Knightley, P. (2002). The first casualty: The war correspondent as hero and myth-maker from the Crimea to Kosovo. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Lee, C. C. (2000). Money, power and media: Communication patterns and bureaucratic control in cultural China. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
Lee, S. T., & Maslog, C. C. (2005). War or peace journalism? Asian newspaper coverage of conflicts. Journal of Communication, pp. 311–329.
Lee, C., et al. (2001). Through the eyes of U.S media: Banging the democracy drum in Hong Kong. Journal of Communication, 51(June), 345–365.CrossRef
Liang, L. (2011). Going live: News innovations amid constraints in the Chinese coverage of The Iraq War. Journalism, 13, 450–466.CrossRef
Lynch, J. (2014). A global standard for reporting conflict. New York: Routledge.
Lynch, J., & McGoldrick, A. (2005). Peace journalism. Gloucestershire: Hawthorn press.
Matheson, D., & Allan, S. (2009). Digital war reporting. Cambridge: Polity Press.
McLaughlin, G. (2002). The war correspondent. London: Pluto Press.
Niven, D. (2005). An economic theory of political journalism. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 82, 247–263.CrossRef
Nohrsted, S. A., & Ottosen, R. (2015). Mediatization and globalization: New challenges for war journalism. In M. F. Eskjaer, S. Hjarvard, & M. Mortensen (Eds.), The dynamics of mediatized conflicts (pp. 149–164). New York: Peter Lang.
Nossek, H. (2004). Our news and their news: The role of national identity in the coverage of foreign news. Journalism, 5(3), 343–368.CrossRef
Ottosen, R. (2010). The war in Afghanistan and peace journalism in practice. Media, War & Conflict, 3(3), 261–278.CrossRef
Pan, Z. (2000). Spatial configuration in institutional change: A case of China’s journalism reforms. Journalism, 1(3), 253–281.CrossRef
Peng, Z. (2008). Framing the anti-war protests in the global village. The International Communication Gazette, 70(5), 361–377.CrossRef
Reese, S. D. (2004). Militarized journalism: Framing dissent in the Gulf Wars. In S. Allan & B. Zelizer (Eds.), Reporting war (pp. 247–265). Oxon: Routledge.
Richardson, J. E. (2007). Analysing newspapers – An approach from critical discourse analysis. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
Robinson, P. (1999). The CNN effect: Can the news media drive foreign policy? Review of International Studies, 25(2), 301–309.
Robinson, P. (2000). The policy–media interaction model: Measuring media power during humanitarian crisis. Journal of Peace Research, 37(5), 613–633.CrossRef
Robinson, P. (2001). Theorizing the influence of media on world politics: Models of media influence on foreign policy. European Journal of Communication, 16, 523.CrossRef
Robinson, P. (2002). The CNN effect: The myth of news, foreign policy and intervention. London: Routledge.
Seaton, J. (1999). The new “ethnic” wars and the media. In T. Allen & J. Seaton (Eds.), The media of conflict (pp. 43–63). London: Zed Books.
Shaw, M. (1996). Civil society and media in global crises. London: Pinter.
Shinar, D. (2009). Can peace journalism make progress? The Coverage of the 2006 Lebanon War in Canadian and Israeli media. The International Communication Gazette, 71(6), 451–471.CrossRef
Shoemaker, P. (1991). Gatekeeping. London: SAGE Publications. In D. Berkowitz (Ed.) (1999). Social meanings of news: A text-reader (pp. 57–62). London: SAGE Publications.
Shoemaker, P., & Reese, S. (1996). Mediating the message: Theories of influences on mass media content. New York: Longman.
Sigelman, L. (1973). Reporting the news: An organizational analysis. American Journal of Sociology, 79(1), 132–151.CrossRef
Soloski, J. (1989). News reporting and professionalism: Some constraints on the reporting of the news. Media, Culture & Society, 11, 207–228.CrossRef
Spencer, G. (2005). The media and peace: From Vietnam to the ‘War on terror’. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRef
Taylor, P. (1997). Global communications, international affairs and the media since 1945. London: Routledge.CrossRef
Thussu, D. K., & Freedman, D. (Eds.). (2003). War and the media. London: Sage Publications.
Tumber, H. (1999). News: a reader. New York: Oxford University Press.
Tumber, H. (2004). Prisoners of news values?: Journalist, professionalism and identification in times of war. In S. Allan & B. Zelizer (Eds.), Reporting war: Journalism in wartime (pp. 190–205). Oxon: Routledge.
Winfield, B., & Peng, Z. (2005). Marketplace or party controls? Chinese media in transition. Gazette, 67(3), 255–270.CrossRef
Zelizer, B. (1993). Journalists as interpretive communities. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 10(3), 219–237.CrossRef
Zhang, L. (2011). News media and EU-China relations. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRef
Zhang, S. (2013) The new breed of Chinese war correspondents: Their motivations and roles, and the impact of digital technology. Media, War and Conflict, 6(3) 311–325.
Zhang, S. (2014a). Impact of globalisation on the local press in China – A case study of the Beijing Youth Daily. Lanham: Lexington Books.
Zhang, S. (2014b). Chinese-style pragmatic objectivity in war reporting. Asian Journal of Communication. Forthcoming.
Zhang, S. (2015) Conflicts through the Lens of Chinese War Photojournalists’. Journal of Contemporary Chinese Art, Volume 2, Number 1:1, pp. 65–84.
Zhao, Y. (1998) Media, market, and democracy in China: between the Party line and the bottom line. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Metadata
Title
Introduction
Author
Shixin Ivy Zhang
Copyright Year
2016
Publisher
Springer Singapore
Book
Chinese War Correspondents

Print ISBN: 978-981-10-1737-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-10-1738-4

Copyright Year: 2016

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1738-4_1