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2020 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

1. Introduction

Author : Gijsbert M. van Iterson Scholten

Published in: Visions of Peace of Professional Peace Workers

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This chapter serves as an introduction to the themes discussed in this book, arguing why academics should be more interested in peace as a substantive phenomenon (positive peace) and in the different visions that practitioners engaged in peacebuilding have of peace. Specifically, it calls for an understanding of peace as a word with a plural: different kinds of peacebuilding build different peaces. It also introduces the four-dimensional peace cube as a conceptual tool to compare different visions of peace and provides a summary of the arguments made in the different chapters.

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next chapter Peace in Peace Studies: Beyond the ‘Negative/Positive’ Divide

For a historical perspective on peace work see, e.g. (Adolf 2009; Cortright 2008; Nicholls 1991).

We will see in Chap. 8 that for some people, it does.

It might even gain you a Nobel Peace Prize, as the 2004 and 2007 winners of that prize can attest.

A label that in itself is also deemed problematic by some authors, since it is not the conflict that is over, but rather the violent expression of that conflict (see, e.g. Cramer 2006; Klem 2018). However, it is still widely applied, though sometimes with a set of scare quotes around it. See, e.g. (Autesserre 2010: 65–68; and Junne and Verkoren 2005: 1). I will follow that common usage, but bracket the (post-) to accommodate this particular critique.

The term ‘global West’ is used to label the group of mostly European and North American countries alternatively known as the global North or (especially in older publications) the ‘First World’. For an eloquent defence of why these countries should be called ‘the West’, see (Rasmussen 2003).

A process of conflictual encounters that produces ‘new power relations, agencies, ideas and practices’ (Björkdahl and Höglund 2013: 292).

Mutual adaptation based on continuous processes of (intercultural) interaction (Mac Ginty 2010: 396–398).

At the time this book was written in Mali (MINUSMA), Lebanon, Syria and Israel (UNTSO and UNDOF), Kosovo (EULEX) and South Sudan (UNMISS). See https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/missies/inhoud/huidige-missies.

Think for example of the Nicaraguan peace commissions mentioned earlier and in (Mouly 2013).

A recent report mentions 8.311 registered civil society organizations, 1.3 per 1000 inhabitants (Lteif 2015: 7). Not all of these are working for peace, but it shows the vibrancy of Lebanese civil society. For a partial overview of Lebanese civil society organizations, see also the portal Daleel Madani on http://daleel-madani.org/directory, which lists 22 organizations working for ‘peace and security’ (last accessed March 23, 2017).

The exception is Hizbollah, the powerful Shia militia that claims to be fighting an external enemy (Israel) rather than an internal one.

And flared up again in May 2017 when a hitherto largely unknown new rebel group seized control over parts of the town of Marawi, leading to a renewed declaration of martial law on Mindanao.

More on the history of the conflict in Lebanon can be found in Chap. 7, Sect. 7.1.

More on the history of the conflict on Mindanao can be found in Chap. 8, Sect. 8.1.

There is a similar debate about the role of NGOs in development more generally. See, e.g. (Banks et al. 2015; Heiss and Kelley 2017).

See Sect. 1.2 below for a description of Q methodology.

Full details on the interviewees can be found in Appendix A.

Operant subjectivity is also the name of the primary journal devoted to reporting the outcomes and discussing the finesses of Q studies.

The interview guide can be found in Appendix E.

For an eloquent, yet more normative defence of the use of this term, see also (Galtung 1996: 266).

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Title: Introduction
Author: Gijsbert M. van Iterson Scholten
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Book: Visions of Peace of Professional Peace Workers
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-27974-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-27975-2

Copyright Year: 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27975-2_1