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2020 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

1. Introduction

Author : Zh. Zhang

Published in: Hydraulic Transients and Computations

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Hydraulic transients represent highly complex fluid flow processes. They are encountered at almost all hydropower stations as well as at water supply networks, when the hydraulic systems are getting regulated, started-up or shut-down. Each time and under certain conditions, hydraulic transients often lead to various undesirable occurrences like rapid pressure rises, cavitations with noises, system instability, and cumulative fatigue of pipe materials. All these phenomena are usually well controlled based on optimized system designs and operations. Uncontrolled hydraulic transients in hydropower stations, for instance, take place at load rejections or emergency shut-downs of hydraulic machines like pumps and turbines. Because each occurrence of hydraulic transients leads to remarkable and rapid pressure rise in considered hydraulic systems, the phenomenon is in engineering applications also called pressure shock or water hammer. It represents a very important sub-discipline of fluid mechanics and has drawn great attention in related fields.

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next chapter Stationary Flows and Flow Regulations
Footnotes
1
The notion “relatively short” designates the boundary between two theories, beyond which the rigid water column theory does not reflect the real flow conditions and will lead to computation errors, see Sect. 3.​2.​1. In practical applications, the condition “short pipes” is usually always fulfilled.
 
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Metadata
Title
Introduction
Author
Zh. Zhang
Copyright Year
2020
Book
Hydraulic Transients and Computations

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-40232-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-40233-4

Copyright Year: 2020

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40233-4_1

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