1. Introduction

The chapter delves into the profound impact of COVID-19 on global security, revealing how the pandemic has exposed and exacerbated weaknesses in the international system. It discusses the rise of infectious diseases, the shift towards Realpolitik, and the increasing divide between global North and South. The text also examines the role of China and Russia in asserting regional and global influence, while highlighting the failure of institutions like the WHO and UN to manage the crisis effectively. Additionally, it explores the human security aspects, including civil unrest, terrorism, and the growth of violent non-state actors. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the need for regional and international cooperation to combat future transnational security threats.