1. Introduction

Building industrialization is widely comprehended as a new mode of production integrating design, production, construction, and other sustainable developments of the entire construction industry chain. It is the major direction to upgrade the construction industry in China. The development of precast/prefabricated building structures is the key part of building industrialization. In this chapter, firstly, the essential advantages of prefabricated constructions are summarized. Secondly, prefabricated concrete structures are categorized into several major types (including frame, shear wall, and frame-shear wall system) and then minor types within each major type, with comprehensive illustration and discussion. Thirdly, several well-applied systems, as well as their key technologies and representative cases, are introduced. Lastly, the limitations of the current prefabricated concrete structure systems are discussed, mainly from the perspective of the currently prevailing wet connections and the gradually emerging dry connections. The necessity to deeply study the “nonequivalent cast-in-place” prefabricated concrete structure system is pointed out.