Abstract
The economy, and the financial system, are at risk due to the increasingly frequent and extensive harm caused by climate and social changes. Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) concerns, which include threats to biodiversity, social conditions, and business management standards, impact the economy’s present and potential growth (Bank of Italy in Report on sustainable investments and climate-related risks, year 2021. Bank of Italy, 2022). Environmental and sustainability characteristics are among the most relevant risk categories, in terms of both the frequency and severity of potential repercussions (World Economic Forum in The Global Risks Report 2022. WEF, 2022). Investor attention to ESG concerns has grown globally.