1. Introduction

The chapter begins with an introduction to India's Long Term Low Emission Development Strategy (LT-LEDS) announced at COP 27, aiming for net-zero emissions by 2070. It highlights the importance of decarbonizing transport through electric vehicles (EVs), with a focus on urban passenger transport. The chapter discusses the life cycle assessment (LCA) of EVs, showing that the largest reduction in greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved by shifting cars and two-wheelers to electric buses. The book is organized into ten chapters and four parts, with a focus on the upstream and battery value chain, manufacturing in India, the ecosystem for EV transition, and the way ahead. The unique aspect of the Indian EV sector is the predominance of two and three-wheelers. The chapter also discusses the challenges and opportunities in meeting the government's target of 30% private cars, 70% commercial vehicles, and 80% two and three-wheelers being electric by 2030. Tata is highlighted as the only Indian Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) selling EVs among the top 20 in the world. The chapter concludes by discussing the geopolitics behind mineral sourcing and the path for EV transition in India.