1. Introduction

The global automotive sector is undergoing a profound transformation, driven by the shift from internal combustion engines to electric vehicles and the integration of digital technologies. This chapter explores the rapid changes that have occurred since the early 2010s, highlighting the role of key players such as China, the European Union, and the United States in shaping the future of the industry. The transition to electric vehicles (EVs) has been accelerated by regulatory frameworks and policy interventions aimed at reducing fossil fuel dependency and addressing climate change. Alongside this, advancements in connected, autonomous, and shared mobility (CASE) technologies are revolutionizing vehicle design, production, and usage. The chapter delves into the strategic responses of governments and companies, examining how they are adapting to these technological shifts and the resulting changes in market dynamics. It also discusses the emergence of new entrants and the reconfiguration of value chains, as well as the impact of industrial policies on the global automotive landscape. The analysis covers a wide range of regions, including Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas, providing a comprehensive overview of the industry's transformation and the challenges and opportunities it presents.