1. Introduction

This chapter delves into the pressing environmental issues of resource depletion and waste management, highlighting the unsustainability of the current linear economy. It introduces the concept of a circular economy as a potential solution, emphasizing the cyclical use of resources to minimize waste and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The text explores the legal framework of international environmental law and human rights law, scrutinizing their implications on resource and waste management. It also examines the role of sovereignty in the transition to a circular economy, considering the different challenges faced by more and less developed countries. The chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of circular economy implementation, including regional and national initiatives, and discusses the obstacles and limitations of this concept. The analysis concludes with a working definition of circular economy, incorporating economic, environmental, and social dimensions, and highlighting the need for coordination and cooperation among stakeholders and countries.