1 Introduction
2 Emotional contagion
2.1 Offline emotional contagion
2.2 Online emotional contagion
3 SmileWave
3.1 System requirements
3.2 Functions of SmileWave
3.3 Preliminary experiment
3.3.1 Validity of smile degree
Equivalence bounds | Greatest p values with both equivalence bounds (\(-\varDelta _{\mathrm{L}}\), \(\varDelta _{\mathrm{U}}\)) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(\(-\varDelta _{\mathrm{L}}\), \(\varDelta _{\mathrm{U}}\)) | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
(\(-\,10, 10\)) | .044 | .028 | .015 | .081 | .195 | .205 | .634 | .429 | .026 |
(\(-\,20, 20\)) | .002 | \(<.001\) | \(<.001\) | \(<.001\) | .016 | .027 | .061 | .091 | .001 |
3.3.2 Validity of detection time of facial expression and system performance
4 In-the-wild evaluation
4.1 Participants
4.2 Photograph presentation strategies
4.3 Experiment setup
4.4 Experiment procedure
4.5 Evaluation results
4.5.1 OBJ1: Confirmation of the first stage of emotional contagion
4.5.2 OBJ2: Difference in smile degree after viewing photographs with different smile degrees
4.5.3 OBJ3: Difference in smile degree after viewing photographs ordered differently based on the smile degrees
Question | Answer | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 (%) | 2 (%) | 3 (%) | 4 (%) | 5 (%) | Mean | Median | Max | Min | |
1:Do you think that there was change in your facial expression when you looked at the other users’ photos? | 12.9 | 19.4 | 19.4 | 41.9 | 6.5 | 3.1 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
2:Did you feel happy by looking at other users’ smiling photos? | 9.7 | 12.9 | 25.8 | 41.9 | 9.7 | 3.3 | 4 | 4 | 5 |
3:Do you think that selfie photos of a specific person had more influence on you than others’? | 12.9 | 19.4 | 19.4 | 29 | 19.4 | 3.2 | 4 | 4 | 1 |
4:Did you look at a specific person’s photo for a longer period than others? | 22.6 | 25.8 | 25.8 | 19.4 | 6.5 | 2.6 | 3 | 2, 3 | 5 |
5:Did you enjoy the list of users who responded with smile for each photo? | 12.9 | 9.7 | 25.8 | 38.7 | 12.9 | 3.3 | 4 | 4 | 2 |
6:Did you feel comfortable in using the application at all times? | 25.8 | 12.9 | 19.4 | 32.3 | 9.7 | 2.9 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
7:Was the SmileWave user interface easy to use? | 16.1 | 19.4 | 29 | 25.8 | 9.7 | 2.9 | 3 | 3 | 5 |
8:Did you feel self-conscious about being monitored via the front camera while you were viewing the posts? | 32.3 | 25.8 | 25.8 | 12.9 | 3.2 | 2.3 | 2 | 1 | 5 |