Investigation of Mechanical Properties in Friction Stir Welded Mg AZ 31 Alloy Workpieces

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding strategy which may be utilized for joining magnesium alloy and stainless steel workpieces since they are hard to join by conventional joining process. The major industrial areas where FSW method is used are aerospace, ship building, automobiles, railways, etc. This work is focused on the effect of varying rotational velocity in FSW process using magnesium AZ31 and stainless steel 304 as a workpiece on UTS, impact toughness, and flexural strength and the numerical analysis of friction stir welding (FSW) process of Mg AZ31 and stainless steel 304 alloy to explore the effects of tool travel velocity, rotational velocity, and tool offset on temperature circulation and residual stresses developed in FSW. The impact of rotational velocity on mechanical properties of friction stir welded Mg AZ31 alloys was researched. Friction stir welding was done at different rotational velocities 500 rpm and 1000 rpm and at a consistent welding velocity 28 mm/min separately. Further, mechanical testing was performed on the welded joints. Ultimate tensile strength (MPa), % of elongation, and impact energy (J) increased on increasing the rotational velocity, whereas flexural strength (MPa) was found to be decreased on increasing the rotational velocity of the tool. Tensile properties increase with increase in the rotational velocity of the tool. FSW measure is overall acknowledged for creating very high strength weld joints compared to the conventional joining process.