Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Experiments in Fluids 4/2015

01-04-2015 | Research Article

Investigation on liquid film of urea–water solutions with diode laser absorption spectroscopy

Authors: Huinan Yang, Xiaolong Guo, Wu Zhou, Benting Chen, Jiarui Hu, Mingxu Su, Xiaoshu Cai

Published in: Experiments in Fluids | Issue 4/2015

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Measurement of multiparameter of liquid films (e.g., film thickness and concentration) is very important to understand the film formation processes in industrial applications. Here, a novel diode laser absorption spectroscopy (DLAS) sensor was developed to simultaneously measure the liquid film thickness and concentration of urea–water solutions by forming the transmittance ratio at two wavenumber positions. The performance of the sensor employed two diode lasers (6613.25 and 7187.50 cm−1) was first validated using a calibration tool providing liquid film of urea–water solutions with known film thickness (100–1000 μm) and mass fractions (5–50 wt%), and then, the sensor was applied to study a free-falling film of urea–water solutions on a vertical transparent quartz plate. Shadowgraph images were simultaneously taken as a means to obtain falling film thickness, and it was observed that measured film thickness was in good agreement with DLAS method and shadowgraph technique, and the deviation between these two techniques was 4.1 % when the falling film was stable.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
go back to reference Drake MC, Fansler TD, Solomon AS, Szekely JGA (2003) Piston fuel film as a source of smoke and hydrocarbon emissions from a wall-controlled spark ignited direct-injection engine. SAE Technical Paper, 2003010547 Drake MC, Fansler TD, Solomon AS, Szekely JGA (2003) Piston fuel film as a source of smoke and hydrocarbon emissions from a wall-controlled spark ignited direct-injection engine. SAE Technical Paper, 2003010547
go back to reference Drosos EIP, Paras SV, Karabelas AJ (2004) Characteristics of developing free falling films at intermediate Reynolds and high Kapitza numbers. Int J Multiph Flow 30:853CrossRefMATH Drosos EIP, Paras SV, Karabelas AJ (2004) Characteristics of developing free falling films at intermediate Reynolds and high Kapitza numbers. Int J Multiph Flow 30:853CrossRefMATH
go back to reference Fu QF, Yang LJ, Qu YY (2011) Measurement of annular liquid film thickness in an open-end swirl injector. Aerosp Sci Technol 15:117CrossRef Fu QF, Yang LJ, Qu YY (2011) Measurement of annular liquid film thickness in an open-end swirl injector. Aerosp Sci Technol 15:117CrossRef
go back to reference Gieshoff J, Pfeifer M, Schafer-Sindlinger A, Spurk PC, Garr G, Leprince T, Crocker M (2001) Advanced urea SCR catalysts for automotive applications. SAE Technical Paper, 2001010514 Gieshoff J, Pfeifer M, Schafer-Sindlinger A, Spurk PC, Garr G, Leprince T, Crocker M (2001) Advanced urea SCR catalysts for automotive applications. SAE Technical Paper, 2001010514
go back to reference Gimbutis G (1988) Heat transfer in gravitational flow of a liquid film, 43. Mokslas Publishers, Vilnius Gimbutis G (1988) Heat transfer in gravitational flow of a liquid film, 43. Mokslas Publishers, Vilnius
go back to reference Grdadolnik J, Marechal Y (2002) Urea and urea-water solutions—an infrared study. J Mol Struct 615:177CrossRef Grdadolnik J, Marechal Y (2002) Urea and urea-water solutions—an infrared study. J Mol Struct 615:177CrossRef
go back to reference Greszik D, Yang H, Dreier T, Schulz C (2010) Measurements of water film thickness by laser-induced fluorescence and Raman imaging. Appl Phys B 102:123CrossRef Greszik D, Yang H, Dreier T, Schulz C (2010) Measurements of water film thickness by laser-induced fluorescence and Raman imaging. Appl Phys B 102:123CrossRef
go back to reference Greszik D, Yang H, Dreier T, Schulz C (2011) Laser-based diagnostics for the measurement of liquid water film thickness. Appl Opt 50:A60CrossRef Greszik D, Yang H, Dreier T, Schulz C (2011) Laser-based diagnostics for the measurement of liquid water film thickness. Appl Opt 50:A60CrossRef
go back to reference Halbout JM, Blit S, Donadson W, Tang CL (1979) Efficient phase-matched second-harmonic generation and sum-frequency mixing in urea. IEEE J Quantum Electron 15:1176CrossRef Halbout JM, Blit S, Donadson W, Tang CL (1979) Efficient phase-matched second-harmonic generation and sum-frequency mixing in urea. IEEE J Quantum Electron 15:1176CrossRef
go back to reference Hentschel W, Grote A, Langer O (1997) Measurement of wall film thickness in the intake manifold of a standard production SI engine by a spectroscopic technique, SAE Technical Paper, 972832 Hentschel W, Grote A, Langer O (1997) Measurement of wall film thickness in the intake manifold of a standard production SI engine by a spectroscopic technique, SAE Technical Paper, 972832
go back to reference Hulburt ET, Newell TA (1996) Optical measurement of liquid film thickness and wave velocity in liquid film flows. Exp Fluids 21:357 Hulburt ET, Newell TA (1996) Optical measurement of liquid film thickness and wave velocity in liquid film flows. Exp Fluids 21:357
go back to reference Mawhinney JR, Richardson JK (1996) A review of water mist fire suppression research and development. Fire Technol 33:54CrossRef Mawhinney JR, Richardson JK (1996) A review of water mist fire suppression research and development. Fire Technol 33:54CrossRef
go back to reference Mouza AA, Vlachos NA, Paras SV, Karabelas AJ (2000) Measurement of liquid film thickness using a light absorption method. Exp Fluids 28:355CrossRef Mouza AA, Vlachos NA, Paras SV, Karabelas AJ (2000) Measurement of liquid film thickness using a light absorption method. Exp Fluids 28:355CrossRef
go back to reference Pautsch AG, Shedd TA, Nellis GF (2004) Thickness measurements of the thin film in spray evaporative cooling. Therm Thermomech Phenom Electron Syst 1:70CrossRef Pautsch AG, Shedd TA, Nellis GF (2004) Thickness measurements of the thin film in spray evaporative cooling. Therm Thermomech Phenom Electron Syst 1:70CrossRef
go back to reference Roy RP, Ku J, Kaufman I, Shukla J (1986) Microwave method for measurement of liquid film thickness in gas–liquid flow. Rev Sci Instrum 57:952CrossRef Roy RP, Ku J, Kaufman I, Shukla J (1986) Microwave method for measurement of liquid film thickness in gas–liquid flow. Rev Sci Instrum 57:952CrossRef
go back to reference Salazar RP, Marschall E (1978) Time-average local thickness measurement in a falling liquid film flow. Int J Multiph Flow 4:405CrossRef Salazar RP, Marschall E (1978) Time-average local thickness measurement in a falling liquid film flow. Int J Multiph Flow 4:405CrossRef
go back to reference Savaroglu G, Genc L (2013) Determination of micelle formation of ketorolac tromethamine in aqueous media by acoustic measurements. Thermochim Acta 552:5CrossRef Savaroglu G, Genc L (2013) Determination of micelle formation of ketorolac tromethamine in aqueous media by acoustic measurements. Thermochim Acta 552:5CrossRef
go back to reference Schaefer R, Carlson JE, Hauptmann P (2006) Ultrasonic concentration measurement of aqueous solutions using PLS regression. Ultrasonics 44:e947CrossRef Schaefer R, Carlson JE, Hauptmann P (2006) Ultrasonic concentration measurement of aqueous solutions using PLS regression. Ultrasonics 44:e947CrossRef
go back to reference Sovlukov AS, Fateev VYa (2007) Radio frequency resonator measurement of aqueous solution concentration. Meas Tech 50:1117CrossRef Sovlukov AS, Fateev VYa (2007) Radio frequency resonator measurement of aqueous solution concentration. Meas Tech 50:1117CrossRef
go back to reference Vikas D, Basu S, Dutta P (2012) In-situ measurements of concentration and temperature during transient solidification of aqueous solution of ammonium chloride using laser interferometry. Int J Heat Mass Transf 55:2022CrossRef Vikas D, Basu S, Dutta P (2012) In-situ measurements of concentration and temperature during transient solidification of aqueous solution of ammonium chloride using laser interferometry. Int J Heat Mass Transf 55:2022CrossRef
go back to reference Wang R, Lee BA, Lee JS, Kim KY, Kim S (2012) Analytical estimation of liquid film thickness in two-phase annular flow using electrical resistance measurement. Appl Math Model 36:2833CrossRefMATHMathSciNet Wang R, Lee BA, Lee JS, Kim KY, Kim S (2012) Analytical estimation of liquid film thickness in two-phase annular flow using electrical resistance measurement. Appl Math Model 36:2833CrossRefMATHMathSciNet
go back to reference Wittig S, Himmelsbach J, Noll B, Feld HJ, Samenfink W (1992) Motion and evaporation of shear-driven liquid films in turbulent gases. J Eng Gas Turbine Power 114:395CrossRef Wittig S, Himmelsbach J, Noll B, Feld HJ, Samenfink W (1992) Motion and evaporation of shear-driven liquid films in turbulent gases. J Eng Gas Turbine Power 114:395CrossRef
go back to reference Yang H, Greszik D, Dreier T, Schulz C (2010) Simultaneous measurement of liquid water film thickness and vapor temperature using near-infrared tunable diode laser spectroscopy. Appl Phys B 99:385CrossRef Yang H, Greszik D, Dreier T, Schulz C (2010) Simultaneous measurement of liquid water film thickness and vapor temperature using near-infrared tunable diode laser spectroscopy. Appl Phys B 99:385CrossRef
go back to reference Yang H, Greszik D, Wlokas I, Dreier T, Schulz C (2011) Tunable diode laser absorption sensor for the simultaneous measurement of water film thickness, liquid- and vapor-phase temperature. Appl Phys B 104:21CrossRef Yang H, Greszik D, Wlokas I, Dreier T, Schulz C (2011) Tunable diode laser absorption sensor for the simultaneous measurement of water film thickness, liquid- and vapor-phase temperature. Appl Phys B 104:21CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Investigation on liquid film of urea–water solutions with diode laser absorption spectroscopy
Authors
Huinan Yang
Xiaolong Guo
Wu Zhou
Benting Chen
Jiarui Hu
Mingxu Su
Xiaoshu Cai
Publication date
01-04-2015
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Experiments in Fluids / Issue 4/2015
Print ISSN: 0723-4864
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1114
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-015-1941-7

Other articles of this Issue 4/2015

Experiments in Fluids 4/2015 Go to the issue

Premium Partners