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2019 | Book

Mastering the Challenges of Changing Energy Systems: The Smart-Grid Concept Read chapter Read first chapter

IoT for Smart Grids

Design Challenges and Paradigms

Editors: Prof. Kostas Siozios, Prof. Dimitrios Anagnostos, Prof. Dimitrios Soudris, Prof. Elias Kosmatopoulos

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Book Series : Power Systems

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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About this book

This book explains the fundamentals of control theory for Internet of Things (IoT) systems and smart grids and its applications. It discusses the challenges imposed by large-scale systems, and describes the current and future trends and challenges in decision-making for IoT in detail, showing the ongoing industrial and academic research in the field of smart grid domain applications.
It presents step-by-step design guidelines for the modeling, design, customisation and calibration of IoT systems applied to smart grids, in which the challenges increase with each system’s increasing complexity. It also provides solutions and detailed examples to demonstrate how to use the techniques to overcome these challenges, as well as other problems related to decision-making for successful implementation. Further, it anaylses the features of decision-making, such as low-complexity and fault-tolerance, and uses open-source and publicly available software tools to show readers how they can design, implement and customise their own system control instantiations.
This book is a valuable resource for power engineers and researchers, as it addresses the analysis and design of flexible decision-making mechanisms for smart grids. It is also of interest to students on courses related to control of large-scale systems, since it covers the use of state-of-the-art technology with examples and solutions in every chapter. And last but not least, it offers practical advice for professionals working with smart grids.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter

Fundamental Topics and Technologies for IoT Systems Targeting Smart-Grid Domain

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Mastering the Challenges of Changing Energy Systems: The Smart-Grid Concept
Abstract
The availability of electrical power is a major enabler of social and economic development. During the last decades, electrical consumption continues to steadily rise all over the world and this trend has already changed our life. This in turn impose that fundamental changes in the domain of energy systems will take place. Among others power generation is becoming more and more decentralized making grid management increasingly complex. Additionally, the importance of individual energy sources and options for power generation are changing, as are the ways in which electricity is transmitted and distributed. This chapter provides an overview about the challenges of future energy systems and how these challenges will be addressed with the usage of Information Technology (IT).
Kostas Siozios
Chapter 2. Edge Computing for Smart Grid: An Overview on Architectures and Solutions
Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT) has made small objects and things to be networked and interconnected, and even connected to the Internet in order to offer advanced control and monitoring services. Smart embedded devices along with intelligent decision-making ability will increase the efficiency of services in different domains including smart grid. Similar to other IoT domain, smart grid consist of a massive number of sensors and data sources which continuously collect high-resolution data. Managing the large volume of data has been identified as one of the major challenges in IoT. To address this issue, Edge Computing envisions to process the data at the edge of the IoT network close to the embedded devices where the data is collected. This chapter aims to investigate the edge computing solutions for the smart grid. An edge computing model for the smart grid information processing, with a focus on smart home, is presented in this chapter. The advantages of this model in terms of self-supporting and privacy are discussed. Moreover, we present a use-case for smart home automation where the operating mode of home appliances are determined dynamically to respect the limited power budget of home while maximizing the user’s satisfaction and utility.
Farzad Samie, Lars Bauer, Jörg Henkel
Chapter 3. Smart-Grid Modelling and Simulation
Abstract
This chapter discusses a modeling and simulation algorithm for system behavior analysis and energy consumption in smart-grid environment. Since system behavior and energy consumption constitute very important information for designing an algorithm, the discussed solution models various smart-grids scenarios in an efficient and realistic way.
Dimitris Ziouzios, Argiris Sideris, Dimitris Tsiktsiris, Minas Dasygenis
Chapter 4. Communication Protocols for the IoT-Based Smart Grid
Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the communications paradigm that can provide the potential of ultimate communication. The IoT paradigm describes communication not only human to human (H2H) but also machine to machine (M2M) without the need of human interference. The Smart Grid (SG) is the new paradigm that enables highly efficient energy production, transport, and consumption along the whole chain, from the source to the user. SG is the combination of the classical power grid with emerging communication and information technologies. IoT based smart grid will be one of the largest instantiation of the IoT in the next future. In this chapter, we examine, review and present the current IoT enabler technologies for smart grid applications, starting from the physical layer to the application and data layer.
Sotirios K. Goudos, Panagiotis Sarigiannidis, Panagiotis I. Dallas, Sofoklis Kyriazakos
Chapter 5. Smart Grid Hardware Security
Abstract
Smart grids are vulnerable to a multitude of attacks, due to their cyber-physical nature. Such attacks can occur at their communication, networking, and physical entry points and can seriously affect the operation of a grid. Thus, the security factor of a smart grid is of an utmost importance. In order to properly secure a smart grid, we should be able to understand its underlying vulnerabilities and associated threats, as well as quantify their effects, and devise appropriate security solutions. In this chapter, we begin with an introduction to smart grids and Hardware Security. Then we continue to describe some grid architecture patterns, so that we can be able to understand a general picture of the grid functionality. In the next section, we discuss the basic and most important aspect of the security of the smart grid; the secure communication between the devices, providing some techniques for a secure device authentication scheme. We, then, discuss the confidentiality of the power usage, explaining various methods for metering data anonymization. In the end, we present solutions related to the integrity of data, software and hardware.
Argiris Sideris, Dimitris Tsiktsiris, Dimitris Ziouzios, Minas Dasygenis
Chapter 6. Edge Computing and Efficient Resource Management for Integration of Video Devices in Smart Grid Deployments
Abstract
Internet-of-Things (IoT) as an emerging computing paradigm, refers to interconnected devices with sensing, processing and communication capabilities that promise to offer new intelligent services in many aspects of urban life, such as smart homes, smart cities, smart transportation systems and smart energy. One of the key components of smart energy systems, smart grids, utilize IoT technology in order to exchange data between different devices in the network. In this chapter, we propose an Edge-Computing based methodology that targets to balance the content generation of cameras in an IoT environment deployed for surveillance of a smart grid infrastructure. The purpose of the methodology is to allow smart grid to incorporate devices that generate visual content in the existing infrastructure by meeting the applications’ requirements, efficiently utilizing the available resources and achieve the highest Quality-of-Service.
Ioannis Galanis, Sai Saketh Nandan Perala, Iraklis Anagnostopoulos
Chapter 7. Solar Energy Forecasting in the Era of IoT Enabled Smart Grids
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview about forecast models on temporal and spatial scales to enable smart methodologies for design and control. In order to succeed in this scope, a number of IoT components, such as distributed sensors, actuators, as well as decision-making devices are necessary. Additionally, by integrating smart grid and energy forecast with big data analytics and deep learning services, it enables to produce accurate and detailed local forecasts, in order to control the grid dynamically.
Dimitrios Anagnostos
Chapter 8. Data Analytic for Improving Operations and Maintenance in Smart-Grid Environment
Abstract
The Smart-Grid concept relies on a collection of generation, transmission and distribution components that undertake power production and delivery to various types of loads. Since multiple components have to be collaborated in this procedure, advanced system orchestrators are absolutely necessary. The decision of these intelligent mechanism typically rely on the analysis of large amount of data, also known as “big data analytic”, in order to optimize among others the environmental and economic constraints. This chapter provides an overview of recent advances in the domain of big data analytic, which are suitable for being applied to the smart-grid environment.
Nikolaos Karagiorgos, Kostas Siozios
Chapter 9. On Accelerating Data Analytics: An Introduction to the Approximate Computing Technique
Abstract
Approximate computing is a computation technique which returns a possibly inaccurate result rather than a guaranteed accurate result, and can be used for applications where an approximate result is sufficient for its purpose. This technique is gaining traction as a computing paradigm for data analytics and cognitive applications that aim to extract deep insight from vast quantities of data, such as those that affect the smart-grid domain. This chapter introduces the technology drawbacks for enhancing further the processing power of computational resources and then proposes the concept of approximate computing. A survey for these techniques applied both at software and hardware level are also discussed.
Georgios Zervakis

Case Studies About Computerized Monitor and Control of Energy Systems

Frontmatter
Chapter 10. Towards Plug&Play Smart Thermostats for Building’s Heating/Cooling Control
Abstract
Buildings are immensely energy-demanding and this fact is enhanced by the expectation of even more increment of energy consumption in the near future, while the building’s cooling and heating has a significant impact on the overall energy consumption (around 40%). Therefore it is necessary to find proper ways for mitigating the increasing energy cost of HVAC systems (Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning). The problem of increased energy requirements becomes far more crucial by taking into consideration the sub-optimal operation of HVAC systems by the occupants. In order to alleviate these drawbacks, throughout this chapter we introduce a decision-making mechanism in order to support the temperature control within buildings. For this purpose, a smart thermostat concept is applied, where emphasis is given to lowering the cost and deployment flexibility, in order to be widely adopted in different buildings and regions. The proposed mechanism incorporates supervised learning and reinforcement learning techniques in order to solve a multi-objective problem that comprises both satisfying occupant’s thermal comfort and minimize energy consumption.
Charalampos Marantos, Christos Lamprakos, Kostas Siozios, Dimitrios Soudris
Chapter 11. A Framework for Supporting Energy Transactions in Smart-Grid Environment
Abstract
With the increasing connection of Distributed Energy Resources (DER), traditional energy consumers are becoming prosumers, who can both consume and generate energy. This enables Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading, where direct energy trading between small-scale DERs takes place. This chapter introduces a P2P platform based on market theory for supporting the energy trading in micro-grid environment. Rather than employing a centralized auction mechanism, the introduced solution follows a distributed approach, where auctions are initiated ad-hoc by energy producers. Experimental results based on real data validate the efficiency of proposed framework, as we achieve considerable energy savings.
Kostas Siozios
Chapter 12. Centralized Monitoring and Power Plant Controller Targeting Smart-Grids: The Inaccess Platform
Abstract
A complete framework for supporting the monitoring and orchestration of Smart-Grid infrastructure is analyzed in this chapter. The solution presented has been developed by Inaccess since 2010, a global leader in Renewable Energy providing a mix of innovative hardware, intelligent software and value-added services to its clients worldwide. Inaccess Power Plant Controller (PPC) is one of its most innovative products, an intelligent vendor-independent system offering grid compliance, PV plant (or other type) control and yield maximization. Inaccess PPC is constantly evolving as more features are added in order to ensure compliance to the increasingly demanding grid code requirements globally while providing better and more effective management of the clients renewable asset. The PPC is also interoperable with Inaccess Central Monitoring System (CMS), offered for extended monitoring, visualization, reports and analytics.
Spyridon Apostolakos, Ioannis Grammatikakis, Dimitrios Mexis, Ioannis Karras, Avgerinos-Vasileios Sakellariou
Chapter 13. A Survey of Research Activities in the Domain of Smart Grid Systems
Abstract
In a fast evolving and competitive global landscape, Europe pays effort to develop and mature the next generation of competitive technologies and services for the distribution grid at medium and low voltage levels, which are clearly going beyond the state of the art and will be ready to integrate the market in five to ten years’ time. Different topics on this domain, such as the technologies for the storage of energy in the distribution network and their integration and exploitation in the smart grid context, including decentralised storage at user premises or at substation level, synergies between energy networks, tools and technology validation for demand response forecast, profiling, segmentation, load forecasting, innovative and user-friendly services for customers based on smart metering, as well as intelligent electricity distribution grid consisted of tools for the optimisation of the distribution grid, technologies for autonomous and self-healing grids, energy management and control systems, technologies for advanced power electronics, for enhanced observability, e.g. real-time system awareness; secured communications in the smart grid in particular cyber security and big data analytics have been introduced. This chapter summarizes a number of recent Horizon 2020 projects in the domain of smart-grid.
Nikolaos Karagiorgos, Kostas Siozios
Metadata
Title
IoT for Smart Grids
Editors
Prof. Kostas Siozios
Prof. Dimitrios Anagnostos
Prof. Dimitrios Soudris
Prof. Elias Kosmatopoulos
Copyright Year
2019
Electronic ISBN
978-3-030-03640-9
Print ISBN
978-3-030-03169-5
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03640-9