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2020 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

4. Iraq

Authors : P. R. Kumaraswamy, Md. Muddassir Quamar

Published in: Persian Gulf 2019

Publisher: Springer Singapore

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Abstract

Despite the political turmoil, Iraq’s foreign trade, especially its energy sector, has shown signs of revival and contributed to growth in exports. India has emerged as one of the primary destinations for the Iraqi oil and during the year Iraq became one of the top suppliers of crude oil to India. These are encouraging signs, but the political situation is far from stable as the country must find solutions to a myriad of problems, and the foremost among them is the accommodation of the marginalized Sunni and the restive Kurdish population. Baghdad will also have to deal with challenges posed by the remnants of the ISIS and evolve a robust politico-military response.

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This refers to the political leaders and members of political parties who live in the safe and secure area of the Green-Zone in Baghdad that houses the government offices, parliament and courts.

Mansour, Renad and Toorn, Christine van den. 2018. ‘The 2018 Iraqi Federal Elections: A Population in Transition’, in LSE Middle East Centre Report, July, http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/89698/7/MEC_Iraqi-elections_Report_2018.pdf, last accessed on 25 May 2019.

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It was 20,218 in 2014; 17,578 in 2015; 16,393 in 2016; and 13,427 in 2017.

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Twaij. Foreign Policy. ‘Northern Iraq May Be Free, but the South Is Seething’.

Ibid.

Ibrahim, Arwa. 2018. ‘Iraq: Deadly Basra Clashes as Protesters Torch Government Office’, Al-Jazeera, 5 September, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/09/iraq-deadly-basra-clashes-protesters-torch-government-office-180904184844773.html, last accessed on 25 May 2019.

Ahval News. 2018. ‘Turkey Intensifies Military Operations in Northern Iraq’, 4 June, https://ahvalnews.com/turkey-iraq/turkey-intensifies-military-operations-northern-iraq, last accessed on 25 May 2019.

Ibid.

Sharafedin, Bozorgmehr. 2017. ‘Iran Vows to Stand with Baghdad, Ankara Against Iraqi Kurds’ Independence Push’, in Reuters. 26 September, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-kurds-referendum-iran/iran-vows-to-stand-with-baghdad-ankara-against-iraqi-kurds-independence-push-idUSKCN1C11G7, last accessed on 25 May 2019.

The World Bank. 2019. ‘Country Overview: Iraq’, last updated 1 April, https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/iraq/overview, last accessed on 25 May 2019.

Ibid.

The World Bank Group. 2018. ‘Iraq Economic Monitor: Toward Reconstruction, Economic Recovery and Fostering Social Cohesion’, Fall 2018, http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/980021539372476570/pdf/130798-WP-P164676-Iraq-EcoMonitor-Fall-2018-10-12-18-web.pdf, last accessed on 25 May 2019.

Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security. 2018. Women, Peace and Security Index, https://giwps.georgetown.edu/the-index/, last accessed on 25 May 2019.

United Nations Development Program (UNDP). 2018. ‘Briefing Note for Countries on the 2018 Statistical Update: Iraq’, http://hdr.undp.org/sites/all/themes/hdr_theme/country-notes/IRQ.pdf, last accessed on 25 May 2019.

The World Bank. 2018. Female Labour Force Participation Data, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/sl.tlf.cact.fe.zs, last accessed on 25 May 2019.

Kaya, Zenep. ‘Gender Equality in Iraq and Iraqi Kurdistan’, in LSE Middle East Centre Blog, 1 May, https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mec/2018/01/05/gender-equality-in-iraq-and-iraqi-kurdistan/, last accessed on 25 May 2019.

Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. 2018. ‘The Situation of Minorities in Iraq after ISIS’, 7 June, https://unpo.org/article/20889, last accessed on 25 May 2019.

Ibid.

Government of India (GoI), Ministry of External Affairs (MEA). 2018. ‘List of Indian Nationals Killed in Iraq around Mosul’, 20 March, https://mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/29671/list+of+indian+nationals+killed+in+iraq+around+mosul, last accessed on 25 May 2019.

GoI, MEA. 2018. ‘Transcript of Press Conference by Embassy of India, Baghdad on Issue of 39 Indians in Iraq’, 20 March, https://mea.gov.in/media-briefings.htm?dtl/29672/transcript+of+press+conference+by+embassy+of+india+baghdad+on+issue+of+39+indians+in+iraq, last accessed on 25 May 2019; and GoI, MEA. 2018. ‘Translation of Press Conference by External Affairs Minister on Issue of 3 Indians in Iraq (March 20, 2018)’, 20 March, https://mea.gov.in/media-briefings.htm?dtl/29676/Translation_of_Press_Conference_by_External_Affairs_Minister_on_issue_of_39_Indians_in_Iraq_March_20_2018, last accessed on 25 May 2019.

Ibid.

NDTV. 2018. ‘39 Indians, Kidnapped 4 Years Ago by ISIS in Iraq, Killed: A 10-Point Timeline’, 20 March, https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/39-indians-kidnapped-4-years-ago-by-isis-in-iraq-killed-a-10-point-timeline-1826251, last accessed on 25 May 2019.

GoI, MEA. 2018. ‘Question No. 1884 Indians Missing in Iraq’, 7 March, https://mea.gov.in/lok-sabha.htm?dtl/29549/QUESTION_NO1884_INDIANS_MISSING_IN_IRAQ, last accessed on 25 May 2019.

GoI, MEA. 2018. ‘English Translation of the EAM’s Address in the Rajya Sabha on the Issue of 39 Indians in Iraq’, 22 March, https://mea.gov.in/Speeches-Statements.htm?dtl/29704/english+translation+of+eams+address+in+the+rajya+sabha+on+the+issue+of+39+indians+in+iraq+march+20+2018, last accessed on 25 May 2019.

India has been cooperating with the Foundation for some time and in December 2018 the government informed the Lok Sabha that equipment and vehicles worth Rupees 38.2 million were given to the Foundation. GoI, MEA. ‘List of Main Ongoing Projects Undertaken in the Last Five Years’, https://mea.gov.in/Images/amb1/lu1565.pdf, last accessed on 25 May 2019.

GoI, MEA. ‘Translation of Press Conference by External Affairs Minister on Issue of 3 Indians in Iraq (March 20, 2018)’.

Embassy of India, Baghdad, Iraq. 2019. ‘India-Iraq Relations’, http://www.eoibaghdad.gov.in/page/india-iraq-relations/, last accessed on 25 May 2019.

He resigned on 17 October 2018 following accusations of sexual misconduct when he was a journalist before joining BJP in March 2014.

GoI, MEA. 2018. ‘Statement by Shri M J Akbar, Minister of State for External Affairs at the International Conference for Reconstruction of Iraq in Kuwait (February 14, 2018)’, 14 February, https://mea.gov.in/Speeches-Statements.htm?dtl/29485/statement+by+shri+mj+akbar+minister+of+state+for+external+affairs+at+the+international+conference+for+reconstruction+of+iraq+in+kuwait+february+14+2018, last accessed on 25 May 2019.

Ibid.

GoI, MEA. 2018. ‘Question No. 3051 Support for Reconstruction of Iraq’, 22 March, https://mea.gov.in/rajya-sabha.htm?dtl/29714/question+no3051+support+for+reconstruction+of+iraq, last accessed on 25 May 2019.

Embassy of India, Baghdad, Iraq. ‘India-Iraq Relations’.

Ibid.

GoI, MEA. ‘List of Main Ongoing Projects Undertaken in the Last Five Years’, https://mea.gov.in/Images/amb1/lu1565.pdf, last accessed on 25 May 2019.

Embassy of India, Baghdad, Iraq. ‘India-Iraq Relations’.

Ibid.

Financial Express. 2018. ‘Air India Plans to Start Lucknow-Najaf Flights from January Second Week’, 24 December, https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/air-india-plans-to-start-lucknow-najaf-flights-from-january-second-week/1423975/, last accessed on 25 May 2019.

GoI, MEA. 2018. ‘Population of Overseas Indians’, December, http://mea.gov.in/images/attach/NRIs-and-PIOs_1.pdf, last accessed on 25 May 2019.

Title: Iraq
Authors: P. R. Kumaraswamy
Md. Muddassir Quamar
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Book: Persian Gulf 2019
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-1431-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-15-1432-6

Copyright Year: 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1432-6_4

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