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2013 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

8. Japan’s Space Programme

Author : Ajey Lele

Published in: Asian Space Race: Rhetoric or Reality?

Publisher: Springer India

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Abstract

Japan is a wonderfully unique place and could be said to be a realm of contrasts, anomalies and anachronisms. But, at the same time, it is Asia’s first modern and industrialised nation and has been involved deeply in world trade for over four decades [1]. Contemporary Japan is a great success story of twentieth century. In various fields, Japan challenged Western hegemony and succeeded in setting world-beating standards. The world admired, applauded and envied Japan. In fact during 1980s for a short period, it appeared that Japan may even dislodge the United States from global leadership positions in certain areas [2, p. 191]. It had maintained itself as the world’s second largest economy from 1968 until 2010, till the time China overtook it. This probably happened because of the ‘rise of China’ and the change in economic and political circumstances with Japan at the end of twentieth century. Again twenty-first century has arrived with certain positive impetus to take Japan towards a brighter future.

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Footnotes
1
The Constitution of Japan, http://​www.​existenz.​co.​jp/​constitu.​htm, accessed on October 23, 2009.
 
3
JAXA Vision, JAXA 2025, p.1 and Steven Berner, Japan’s Space Program, Rand technical Report, (Santa Monica: Rand Corporation, 2005), p.12.
 
4
 
6
Onoda Junjiro, “Development of M-V rocket”, this paper was published in a Japanese journal in 2004 and its abstract is available at http://sciencelinks.jp/j-east/article/200411/000020041104A0312246.php, accessed on Aug 6, 2009.
 
11
Information on various satellite systems launched by Japan is available at http://​www.​daviddarling.​info/​encyclopedia/​J/​Japan_​in_​space.​html
 
12
Super 301 (first passed by congress in 1988 for two years) is essentially a congressional prod to make the administration use an existing trade law (Section 301) to spur the administration into tougher action against other countries’ allegedly unfair trading practices. While it requires the US trade representative to cite countries in order of priority for US strong-arm action under procedures and deadlines set by Section 301, in practice, it leaves considerable leeway to the administration. How the administration uses that discretion will be the key. Super 301 also carried a great deal of political baggage. It symbolised US exploitation of its superpower status to force other countries to bend to US interests, bypassing agreed international procedures in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Please refer Reginald Dale, ‘Super 301:A Trade “Monster” It Isn’t’, April 9, 1993, The New York Times.
 
16
‘Japan Passes law to allow military use of space: official’, Space War, May 21, 2008.
 
18
‘The Basic of Japan’s Defence Policy and Build-up of Defence Capability’, Defence of Japan, 2009, Part 2.Also, please refer the issues related to Space discussed in Japan’s Defence White Paper available at http://​www.​mod.​go.​jp/​e/​publ/​w_​paper/​2009.​html, accessed on Sep 12, 2009.
 
19
The US manned mission to the Moon is within Earth’s planetary system.
 
20
This periodic comet is visible after every 75–76 years. In the recent past, it was visible during 1986 and next would be visible during 2061.
 
22
The following discussion on the first Moon mission is based on Brian Harvey, The Japanese and Indian Space Programmes, (Springer: Chichester, 2000), pp.42–43, http://​www.​spacetoday.​org/​Japan/​Japan/​MUSES_​A_​Hiten.​htmland http://​en.​wikipedia.​org/​wiki/​Hiten, accessed on October 31, 2009.
 
23
It may be noted that Japanese system of naming its satellites is so unconventional that Muses B (Haruka) is a radio astronomy mission. While Hayabusa (Muses-C) has been developed to investigate asteroids.
 
24
A swingby is a familiar technique used to boost a satellite’s speed by taking advantage of the force of gravity from planets and the Sun. The USA used it first when Mariner 10 flew by Venus in 1973 on its way to Mercury in 1974.
 
25
These are objects normally 50 m or more in diameter in a near-Earth orbit without a tail or coma of a comet.
 
27
In conversation with Mr Yukihito Kitazawa, IHI Corporation, Japan.
 
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Metadata
Title
Japan’s Space Programme
Author
Ajey Lele
Copyright Year
2013
Publisher
Springer India
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0733-7_8

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