Skip to main content

Fire Technology OnlineFirst articles

Ensemble-Learning-Based Multi-sensor Fire Detection Technology with CO2 Background Noise Adaptation

CO2 is a significant fire detection parameter. However, its effectiveness can be compromised by high background concentrations, leading to false alarms or inaccurate detection. To mitigate the effects of uncertain ambient background concentrations …

Understanding the Human Behavior in the Kiss Nigthclub Fire: Analysis of a Survey with Survivors

This paper presents unpublished results and analysis of data collected in a survey with survivors of the Kiss nightclub fire. The goal is to better understand their behavior and the factors that influenced in the evacuation process on the night of …

Experimental Study on the Thermal Radiation Threat of the Vehicle Fires in Lower Lane of a Double-Deck Bridge

With the increase of bridges and vehicles, bridge fire accidents are constantly reported, which seriously threaten the structural stability of bridges and traffic safety. A 1:8 large-size double-deck bridge fire experimental platform was …

Inclined Neutral Plane and Smoke Temperature Spatial Distribution in Z-Shaped Passages Under Fire Scenarios

Z-shaped passages are commonly used for connecting underground spaces such as subway entrances and mining laneways to the ground surface, consisting of alternating horizontal and inclined sections. As Z-shaped passages are typically used for …

Comparative Measurements of TDLAS and Multi-gas Sensor to Monitor Fire Extinction Inside Small-Scale Backdraft Compartment Using CO2 and CO Concentrations

The ability of carbon dioxide gaseous species profile measurements to track the time of visual fire extinction was examined using a small-scale backdraft compartment. Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations were measured using a tunable diode laser …

Prediction and Reliability Evaluation of Flexural Capacity of Post-Fire Corroded RC Beams Based on Improved GMM-VSG Model and Ensemble Learning Model

Evaluating the flexural capacity of post-fire corroded RC beams is crucial for post-disaster repair and structural reinforcement. In this study, a machine learning (ML)-based prediction model is developed to estimate the flexural capacity of RC …

Examining the Impact of Residential Fire Sprinklers on e-Scooter Fires Initiated by Thermal Runaway of Li-Ion Batteries

  • Open Access

Lithium-ion battery (LiB) powered devices are in use every day and function as designed, however there have been reports of fatal fires involving LiB powered micro-mobility vehicles from around the globe. When a LiB fails and starts a fire, it is …

Method for Fire Risk Assessment of Urban Power Substation Considering Data Uncertainty

As an important infrastructure, urban power substation contributes to human life, economy and society. However, once a fire occurs, it may bring catastrophic casualties, economic losses and adverse social impacts. Due to the low frequency of fire …

Improving Radiative Heat Flux Simulation in Fire Scenarios Using an Adaptive Resampling Backward Ray Tracing Method

Understanding thermal hazards and improving safety measures are two key aspects in virtual fire drill and evacuation simulation. Accurate simulation of radiative heat flux on the surface of human body in fire is critical for the two aspects.

Traffic Performance Indicators for Evacuation: The Case Study of the 2020 Silverado Wildfire

  • Open Access

This study aims to facilitate the study of traffic dynamics in wildfire evacuation scenarios. To do so, it defines a set of traffic performance indicators to investigate traffic dynamics before and during wildfire evacuation events. These …

Evacuation Lifts and Refuge Areas to Facilitate Building Evacuation: A Scoping Review on Behavioural Aspects

  • Open Access

As more buildings around the world are becoming accessible, the question of egressibility, i.e., accessible evacuation, is important to assess. To achieve egressibility for people who are unable to use the stairs, areas of refuge or occupant …

Enhancing Fire Safety in Urban Bifurcated Tunnels: An Investigation of Slope and Curvature Effects on Fire Dynamics and Smoke Temperature Distribution

Urban underground tunnels, particularly bifurcated roads, are essential to modern transportation systems but face significant fire safety challenges. This study investigates the fire resilience of urban bifurcated tunnels under natural …

Thickness Effect on Ignition and Flammability Characteristics of Flame-Retardant Pinewood in Cone Calorimeter

In the present paper, pinewood samples with varied thicknesses incorporating different additives, including fish gelatine, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), triphenylphosphine (TPP), diammonium phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) and …

Fire-Insulating Cementitious Composite for Tunnel Structures: Performance and Fire Tests

The traditional tunnel fire retardant coating has low strength and poor durability, which will cause damage and cracks due to the pre-disaster of tunnel fire and reduce the fire resistance. To overcome these defects, this study developed a …

Automatic Flame Detection: Evaluation of Deep Learning Algorithms Using a Custom Thermal Image Dataset

  • Open Access

Fire safety urgently requires better automatic early fire detection. While vision-based methods are promising, a clear benchmark for deep learning models tailored for this specific area has been lacking. This paper presents the first comprehensive …