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Published in:
2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter
Kleingasturbine
Authors : Prof. Dr. Walter Bitterlich, Dr. Ulrich Lohmann
Published in: Gasturbinenanlagen
Publisher: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
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Auszug
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’Calculation on: 23.06.2015 at 09:28h’
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’ 22.6.2015: KLEINGT.INP f.TLORGTDP.FOR (with calcul.compressor loss)’
’ 1 MW small gas turbine plant (no changes of pressures: 0) 0) ’
’ 2,600 kg/s ’,’= EMPBKE Air mass flow rate at comb. chamber inlet ’
’ 75000 min-1 ’,’= RN Number of revolutions ’
’ 15,00000 bar ’,’= PVA Compressor outlet pressure ’
’ 1350,00°C ’,’= TTBKA Combustion chamber outlet total temperature ’
’ 97,0 % ’,’= ETAMGT Mechanical efficiency of gas turbine ’
’ 97,00 % ’,’= ETAGGT Generator efficiency of gas turbine ’
1 ,’= IDISS Dissociation parameter: (0) (1) (10) (11) (20) (21)’
10 ,’=IWR Special case distinction parameter’
’ Air intake’
’ 1 atm ’,’= PU Air pressure ’
’ 15°C ’,’= TU Air temperature ’
’ 60 % ’,’= FI Relative humidity of air ’
’ 90 % ’,’= ETAE Inlet efficiency ’
’ Compressor’
160. ,’=CVE (m/s) Velocity at compressor inlet’
140. ,’=CVA (m/s) Velocity at compressor outlet’
-9 ,’=IZ Number of compressor stages’
’ 90,000 % ’,’= ETATV Total compressor efficiency (starting value)’
’ u1(I) psiSt(I) cu3(I) QLe 25 berechnete Werte fu″r die Verdichter Stufen’
256.0 , 0.938495 , 10.0 , 0. , 1
255.6 , 0.947359 , 11.0 , 0. , 2
265.1 , 0.950684 , 12.0 , 0. , 3
274.6 , 0.947359 , 16.0 , 0. , 4
286.0 , 0.947359 , 30.0 , 0. , 5
305.1 , 0.947359 , 44.0 , 0. , 6
326.1 , 0.947359 , 56.5 , 0. , 7
340.5 , 0.947359 , 60.0 , 0. , 8
345.6 , 0.947359 , 60.0 , 0. , 9
’ Combustion chamber’
’ 288,15 K ’,’= TBE Fuel inlet temperature ’
’ 0,74870 ’,’= CMA Mass fraction carbon of methane CH4 ’
’ 0,25130 ’,’= HMA Mass fraction hydrogen ’
’ 50,056E6 ’,’= HUB Heating value of fuel ’
’ 1912 J/(kgK) ’,’= CPB Specific heat capacity of fuel ’
’ 0,83 kg/m3 ’,’= RHOB Density of fuel ’
80. ,’=CBKE (m/s) Velocity at combustion chamber inlet’
50. ,’=CBE (m/s) Velocity of fuel after jet’
90. ,’=CBKA (m/s) Velocity at combustion chamber outlet’
’ 98,90 % ’,’= ETABKE Flow efficiency at comb. chamber inlet’
’ 99,500 % ’,’= ETABK Flow efficiency of combustion chamber ’
’ 99,8 % ’,’= ETAC Chemical efficiency of combustion chamber ’
’ 99,6 % ’,’= ETABKA Flow efficiency at comb. chamber outlet’
’ Turbine’
’ 89,8000 % ’,’= ETATT Total turbine efficiency (starting value) ’
3 ,’=IANZST Number of stages of gas turbine’
150. ,’=CTE (m/s) Velocity at turbine inlet’
200. ,’=CM(3) (m/s) Velocity CM1SG 1st stage’
220. ,-130. ,’=CM(5),CU2(1) (m/s) Velocities after 1st stage’
195. ,’=CM(8) (m/s) Velocity CM1SG 2nd stage’
220. ,-140. ,’=CM(10),CU2(2) (m/s) Velocities after 2nd stage’
195. ,’=CM(13) (m/s) Velocity CM1SG 3rd stage’
230. ,-100. ,’=CM(15),CU2(3) (m/s) Velocities after 3rd stage’
330.000 ,’=U1(1) (m/s) Circumferencial velocity rotor inlet 1st stage’
335.000 ,’=U2(1) (m/s) Circumferencial velocity rotor outlet 1st sta.’
343.000 ,’=U1(2) (m/s) Circumferencial velocity rotor inlet 2nd stage’
355.000 ,’=U2(2) (m/s) Circumferencial velocity rotor outlet 2nd sta.’
370.000 ,’=U1(3) (m/s) Circumferencial velocity rotor inlet 3rd stage’
385.000 ,’=U2(3) (m/s) Circumferencial velocity rotor outlet 3rd sta.’
0.06986 ,’=FACCA0(1)=EMP0L(1)/EMPBKE C.a.f.1st st. (If<0:steam cool.)’
0.06208 ,’=FACCA1(1)=EMP1L(1)/EMPBKE Cooling air fraction 1st stage’
0.05202 ,’=FACCA0(2)=EMP0L(2)/EMPBKE Cooling air fraction 2nd stage’
0.03230 ,’=FACCA1(2)=EMP1L(2)/EMPBKE Cooling air fraction 2nd stage’
0.02060 ,’=FACCA0(3)=EMP0L(3)/EMPBKE Cooling air fraction 3rd stage’
0.01662 ,’=FACCA1(3)=EMP1L(3)/EMPBKE Cooling air fraction 3rd stage’
0.5 ,’=RFKL(1) EMP0F/EMP0L Film cooling ratio of stator 1st stage’
0.5 ,’=ZETKLE(1) Loss coefficient of duct to stator of 1st stage’
0.4 ,’=RFKLR(1) EMP1F/EMP1L Film cooling ratio of rotor 1st stage’
1.0 ,’=ZETKLA(1) Loss coefficient of duct to rotor of 1st stage’
0.4 ,’=RFKL(2) EMP0F/EMP0L Film cooling ratio of stator 2nd stage’
0.6 ,’=ZETKLE(2) Loss coefficient of duct to stator of 2nd stage’
0.0 ,’=RFKLR(2) EMP1F/EMP1L Film cooling ratio of rotor 2nd stage’
1.2 ,’=ZETKLA(2) Loss coefficient of duct to rotor of 2nd stage’
0.0 ,’=RFKL(3) EMP0F/EMP0L Film cooling ratio of stator 3rd stage’
0.7 ,’=ZETKLE(3) Loss coefficient of duct to stator of 3rd stage’
0.0 ,’=RFKLR(3) EMP1F/EMP1L Film cooling ratio of rotor 3rd stage’
1.4 ,’=ZETKLA(3) Loss coefficient of duct to rotor of 3rd stage’
0.0005 ,’=SCLE(1) (m) Width of ceramic layer stator 1st stage’
0.0 ,’=SCLE(2) (m) Width of ceramic layer stator 2nd stage’
0.0 ,’=SCLE(3) (m) Width of ceramic layer stator 3rd stage’
0.0005 ,’=SCLA(1) (m) Width of ceramic layer rotor 1st stage’
0.0 ,’=SCLA(2) (m) Width of ceramic layer rotor 2nd stage’
0.0 ,’=SCLA(3) (m) Width of ceramic layer rotor 3rd stage’
2. ,’=RLAMC (W/(mK)) Heat conductivity of ceramic layer’
120. ,’=CKLE(1) (m/s) Velocity of cooling-gas stator beg. of chan.’
120. ,’=CKLA(1) (m/s) Velocity of cooling-gas stator end of channel’
120. ,’=CKLE(2) (m/s) Velocity of cooling-gas stator beg. of chan.’
120. ,’=CKLA(2) (m/s) Velocity of cooling-gas stator end of channel’
80. ,’=CKLE(3) (m/s) Velocity of cooling-gas stator beg. of chan.’
80. ,’=CKLA(3) (m/s) Velocity of cooling-gas stator end of chan.’
100. ,’=WKLE(1) (m/s) Velocity of cooling-gas rotor beg. of chan.’
100. ,’=WKLA(1) (m/s) Velocity of cooling-gas rotor end of channel’
100. ,’=WKLE(2) (m/s) Velocity of cooling-gas rotor beg. of chan.’
100. ,’=WKLA(2) (m/s) Velocity of cooling-gas rotor end of channel’
60. ,’=WKLE(3) (m/s) Velocity of cooling-gas rotor beg. of chan.’
60. ,’=WKLA(3) (m/s) Velocity of cooling-gas rotor end of chan.’
’ Diffusor and plant outlet’
60. ,’=CDA (m/s) Velocity at diffusor outlet’
20. ,’=CPA (m/s) Velocity at plant outlet’
’ 73,50 % ’,’= ETADIF Diffusor efficiency ’
’ 51,00 % ’,’= ETAA Plant outlet efficiency ’
’ Economic data’
52.50,’=SGT =-CGT/PET (EURO/kW) Spec. cost gas turbine’
1680.00,’=SQPT =-CQPT/QPT (EURO/kW) Spec. cost turbine cooling’
73.50,’=SVERD =CVERD/PV (EURO/kW) Compressor’
35.70,’=SGGT =CGGT/PELGT (EURO/kW) GT generator’
9240.00,’=SGTB =CGTB/EMPVE (EUROs/kg) GT building, air int., gas out.’
9.00,’=SCC =CCC/EPB (EURO/kW) Combustion chamber’
126.00,’=SCTRGT=CCTRGT/PELGT (EURO/kW) GT control+electric equipm.’
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Machzahlen
0. = c0 (m/s) 341. = a0 (m/s) 0.000 = Ma0
160. = cVE (m/s) 333. = aVE (m/s) 0.480 = MaVE
147. = cVA (m/s) 507. = aVA (m/s) 0.290 = MaVA
150. = cTE (m/s) 781. = aTE (m/s) 0.192 = MaTE
256. = cT(iSt) 708. = aT(iSt) 0.361 = MaTi
261. = cT(iSt) 641. = aT(iSt) 0.407 = MaTi
251. = cTA (m/s) 573. = aTA (m/s) 0.438 = MaTA
20. = cPA (m/s) 582. = aPA (m/s) 0.034 = MaPA
32.06 = etaiGT=-PiGT/(etaC*EpB) (%) Innerer Wirkungsgrad GT
32.00 = ETAGT=-PIGT/EPB (%) Gesamtwirkungsgrad GT
14.80 = piVAU=ptVA/pU Druckverha″ltnis der Verdichtung, bezogen auf PU
15.67 = piTVAU=ptVA/pU Totaldruckverha″ltnis der Verdichtung, bezogen auf PU
17.64 = piV=PVA/PVE Druckverha″ltnis des Verdichters
15.95 = piTV=PTVA/PTVE Totaldruckverha″ltnis des Verdichters
366.853 = wtV (kJ/kg) Spezifische Verdichter Arbeit
1.196 = PV (MW) Verdichter Leistung
0.625 = FIVE=CVE/UVE Durchfluss Kenngro″s″e E
0.433 = FIVA=CVA/UVA Durchfluss Kenngro″s″e A
93.22 = etatV (%) Totaler Verdichter Wirkungsgrad
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0.97 = pitBK=ptTE/ptVA Totaldruckverha″ltnis der Brennkammer
++++++++++++++++++++++++
16.25 = pitM1=pTE/pPA Druckverha″ltnis der Turbine
14.68 = pitTM1=ptTE/ptPA Totaldruckverha″ltnis der Turbine
-695.763 = wtT (kJ/kg) Spezifische Turbinen Arbeit
-2.313 = PET (MW) Turbinen Leistung
-93.802 = qT (kJ/kg) Spezifische Turbinen Ku″hlung
-0.312 = QPT (MW) Turbinen Ku″hlleistung
0.9889 = RNUTT Totales Turbinen Polytropenverha″ltnis
++++++++++++++++++++++++
321.587 = wtGT (kJ/kg) Spezifische Arbeit
1.048 = PiGT (MW) Innere Leistung
5.6 = TAUTP=TTTE/TTVE Totales Prozess-Temperaturverha″ltnis
++++++++++++++++++++++++
1.017 = PelGT (MW) Elektrische Leistung der GT
3.275 = EPB (MW) Brennstoff Energiestrom
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31.04 = ETAGES=PEL/EPB (%) Gesamtwirkungsgrad der GT-Anlage
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Zustandspunkte der offenen Gasturbinen Anlage
i T(i) tC p(i) h(i) s(i) Tt(i) pt(i) ht(i) c(i) mp(i) v(i) Ma(i)
(K) (°C) (Pa) (J/kg)(J/kgK) (K) (Pa) (J/kg)(m/s)(kg/s)(m3/kg)
U 288.1 15.0 101325 -10094 7354 288.15 101325 -10094 0 3.3 0.819 0.000
VE 275.5 2.3 85043 -22894 7359 288.15 99565 -10094 160 3.3 0.933 0.480
VE 275.5 2.3 85043 -22894 7359 288.15 99565 -10094 160 3.3 0.933 0.480
VA 652.0 378.8 1500000 365413 7417 662.06 1588134 376223 147 2.6 0.125 0.290
BKE 659.1 385.9 1560968 373023 7417 662.06 1587431 376223 80 2.6 0.122 0.157
BE 288.1 15.0 1660968 -19120 -65 288.15 1662005 -17870 50 0.1 1.205
BKA 1620.1 1346.9 1527540 1588845 8769 1623.15 1540580 1592895 90 2.7 0.312 0.115
Ku″hlluftentnahmen, die Zahlen zeigen die Turbinenstufen an !
3 394.5 121.3 157350 97588 7376 347.41 180640 49805 203 0.0 0.402
3 408.8 135.6 297403 112135 7385 420.96 344645 124557 157 0.1 0.379
2 488.0 214.8 415714 193332 7395 452.46 430329 156783 211 0.1 0.249
2 544.3 271.1 733974 251733 7405 557.68 882155 265745 167 0.1 0.194
1 572.7 299.6 929984 281532 7408 539.25 771879 246506 197 0.2 0.172
1 652.0 378.8 1500000 365413 7417 662.06 1588134 376223 147 0.2 0.125
TE 1614.7 1341.5 1504479 1581645 8769 1623.15 1540486 1592895 150 2.7 0.315 0.192
2 788.5 515.4 836986 513580 7791 901.44 1404111 639405 501 0.1 0.271 0.902
3 1418.6 1145.4 836986 1319474 8755 1568.88 1308589 1515237 625 2.8 0.497 0.853
4 743.3 470.1 660576 463978 7794 755.52 702836 477370 163 0.1 0.324 0.303
5 1316.3 1043.2 660576 1184608 8715 1341.96 718311 1217257 255 3.0 0.584 0.361
7 797.1 523.9 374142 523006 8035 927.20 672599 668496 539 0.1 0.614 0.965
8 1161.7 888.6 374142 987617 8714 1311.92 630137 1176320 614 3.1 0.910 0.921
9 696.5 423.4 267663 413253 7984 726.13 313023 445336 253 0.1 0.750 0.483
10 1068.5 795.3 267663 871476 8704 1096.22 297973 905475 260 3.2 1.169 0.407
12 683.4 410.2 141615 399131 8147 819.63 282001 547956 545 0.1 1.391 1.049
13 929.8 656.7 141615 703478 8719 1086.40 269175 892728 615 3.3 1.922 1.024
14 562.2 289.0 92567 270435 8063 609.14 124110 319892 314 0.0 1.750 0.664
TA 841.4 568.2 92567 598733 8723 868.21 104966 630183 250 3.3 2.660 0.438
DA 866.7 593.5 100999 628383 8732 868.21 101718 630183 60 3.3 2.512 0.103
PA 868.0 594.9 101325 629983 8733 868.21 101404 630183 20 3.3 2.507 0.034
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ISO-Werte der Turbine
ISO 1423.1 1150.0 1499562 1314696 8552 1431.91 1540486 1325946 150 3.3 0.278
79.03 = ETTISO (%) Polytroper ISO-Wirkungsgrad
1158.8 = TTEISO (°C) Totale ISO-Turbinen Eintrittstemperatur
Vergleichswerte fu″r die Brennkammer:
3.095 = EMPAEV (kg/s) A″quivalenter Verdichter Massenstrom
-3.000 = PDPTBK (%) Relativer Totaldruckverlust in der Brennkammer
15.674 = PITVS Totaldruckverha″ltnis des Verdichters
15.191 = PITTSM1 Totaldruckverha″ltnis der Turbine
=====================================================
Energie Werte der Turbinen Stufen
iSt PTSt(iSt) wTSt(iSt) wTEul(iSt) Qp(iSt) QpLe(iSt) QpLa(iSt)
(MW) (kJ/kg) (kJ/kg) (MW) (MW) (MW)
1 -0.688060 -228.707 -242.467 -0.174606 -0.096293 -0.078312
2 -0.788588 -244.318 -249.595 -0.100041 -0.071880 -0.028161
3 -0.836403 -251.589 -254.034 -0.037197 -0.022677 -0.014520
iSt lambda(iSt) beta0G(i.) lambL1(i.) beta1G(i.) nSt(i.)(1/min)
1 2.291 0.025 2.451 0.024 75000
2 2.593 0.022 2.712 0.021 75000
3 2.786 0.021 2.833 0.020 75000
4 2.871 0.020
iSt psiSt rhohSt etaSt psiEul rhohEul EXP1G FPIST
1 -4.08 0.340 0.759 -4.32 0.322 0.7124319 1.1057637
2 -3.88 0.371 0.803 -3.96 0.360 0.6292751 1.0227671
3 -3.39 0.384 0.849 -3.43 0.381 0.5995706
iSt alfa0 alfa1 alfaS beta1 beta2 betaS
1 90.0 18.6 42.8 142.7 25.3 -11.8
2 120.6 18.5 28.1 140.9 24.0 -13.4
3 122.5 18.5 27.3 137.6 25.4 -14.1
iSt cm1 cu1 u1 wu1 cm1SL cu1SL cm1SG cu1SG
1 200.000 592.896 330.000 262.896 160.343 475.333 204.566 606.432
2 195.000 582.565 343.000 239.565 171.223 511.531 197.651 590.484
3 195.000 583.503 370.000 213.503 172.924 517.444 195.366 584.599
iSt cm2 cu2 u2 wu2 cm2SL wu2SL cm2SG wu2SG
1 220.000 -129.995 335.000 -464.995 163.337 -10.232 224.608 -474.735
2 220.000 -139.992 355.000 -494.992 216.344 -131.766 220.098 -495.212
3 230.000 -99.998 385.000 -484.998 263.791 -171.254 229.555 -484.060
=====================================================
I TWGE(I) TWGA TTKLA TT1/2SG TCGE TCGA
(K) (°C) (K) (°C) (K) (°C) (K) (°C) (K) (°C) (K) (°C)
1 1068 795 1157 884 901 628 1595 1322 1314 1041 1311 1038
1 1048 775 1105 832 809 536 1426 1153 1252 979 1237 964
2 1046 773 1156 883 927 654 1323 1050 1046 773 1156 883
2 1022 749 1052 779 826 552 1179 906 1022 749 1052 779
3 943 670 1009 736 819 546 1090 817 943 670 1009 736
3 842 569 884 611 739 466 950 677 842 569 884 611
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Kosten der Gasturbinenanlage (mln Euro)
( CGT = 0.121 Gasturbine 10.7 % der GTA)
( CGT = 0.247 Konvektionsku″hlung 21.7 % der GTA)
( CGT = 0.239 Filmku″hlung 21.0 % der GTA)
( CGT = 0.218 Beschichtung 19.1 % der GTA)
( CQPT = 0.703 Turbinenku″lung 61.9 % der GTA)
( CVERD = 0.088 Verdichter 7.7 % der GTA)
( CCC = 0.029 Brennkammer 2.6 % der GTA)
CCGT = 0.942 Gasturbine (Turb,Ku″hl.,Verd.,Verbr.) 82.9 % der GTA
CCTRGT = 0.128 Regelung und elektrische Ausru″stung 11.3 % der GTA
CGTB = 0.030 Au″s″ere Komponenten der Gasturbine 2.7 % der GTA
CCGT = 1.136 Gesamte Gasturbinen Einheit 100.0 % der GTA
*****************************************************
1117.76 SCGT = CCGTG/PEL (Euro/kW) gesamtspez. Kosten der GT Anlage
****************************************************
12.0 CNA (a) Lebensdauer der Anlage
7.8=EPSI (Ct/kWh) Stromgestehungskosten bei CT= 7000. (h/a)
****************************************************
piV TtTE QT/EB etaGT etag ki epsi TtTA TtAUS
17.6 1349 -0.10 32.1 31.0 1117.8 0.091 595 595
=====================================================
U = Umgebung
VE = Verdichter Eintritt
VA = Verdichter Austritt
BKE = Brennkammer Eintritt
BE = Brennstoff Eintritt in Brennkammer
BKA = Brennkammer Austritt
1 = Turbinen Eintritt (TE)
2 = Konvektionsku″lung Luft Stator Austritt 1. Stufe
3 = Zustand 1 1. Stufe
4 = Konvektionsku″lung Luft Rotor Austritt 1. Stufe
5 = Austritt 1. Stufe
6 = Eintritt 2. Stufe
7 = Konvektionsku″lung Luft Stator Austritt 2. Stufe
8 = Zustand 1 2. Stufe
9 = Konvektionsku″lung Luft Rotor Austritt 2. Stufe
10 = Austritt 2. Stufe
11 = Eintritt 3. Stufe
12 = Konvektionsku″lung Luft Stator Austritt 3. Stufe
13 = Zustand 1 3. Stufe
14 = Konvektionsku″lung Luft Rotor Austritt 3. Stufe
15 = Turbinen Austritt (TA)
DA = Diffusor Austritt
PA = Anlagen Austritt