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2023 | Book

Introduction Read chapter Read first chapter

Large-Eddy Simulation Based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method for Built Environment Problems

Authors: Mengtao Han, Ryozo Ooka

Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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About this book

This book details the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) applied to the built environment problems. It provides the fundamental theoretical knowledge and specific implementation methods of LBM from the engineering perspective of the built environment. It covers comprehensive issues of built environment with three detailed cases, solving practical problems. It can be used as a reference book for teachers, students, and engineering technicians to study LBM and conduct architecture and urban wind environments simulations, in the fields of architecture, building technology science, urban planning, HVAC, built environment engineering, and civil engineering.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter

Fundamental Theory and Implementation of the Lattice Boltzmann Method

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
To facilitate readers who are not familiar with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods understand the basic knowledge adopted in this book, we first review CFD methods in different scale perspectives as well as the classical method based on the Navier–Stokes equations. Subsequently, we briefly review the development history of the lattice Boltzmann method and its application in built environment problems. Finally, we outline the primary purpose and content of this book.
Mengtao Han, Ryozo Ooka
Chapter 2. Fundamental Theory of the Lattice Boltzmann Method
Abstract
In this chapter, we introduce the fundamental lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) theory along with how to employ it to simulate fluid motion. First, fluids are described using the distribution function from a mesoscopic perspective, which is the premise of LBM application. Then, fluid motion is also presented from a mesoscopic perspective, and the fundamental LBM equation, the lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE), is introduced. Subsequently, the discrete model of the equation in the simulation process, the so-called discrete velocity scheme, is introduced. Finally, the core of the LBE, namely the collision function, is discussed.
Mengtao Han, Ryozo Ooka
Chapter 3. Implementation of the Boundary Conditions
Abstract
In this chapter, we concentrate on the boundary conditions (BCs) commonly used in the LBM and their implementation. First, we present two low-level BCs, the Dirichlet and Neumann BCs. Next, boundary conditions commonly used in built environment simulations are introduced, including periodic, symmetric, and free-slip BCs, listed here in increased order of difficulty. Finally, we expound on the treatment of solid walls in the LBM, which is the most complex boundary class in the model. For this, we start with the most straightforward treatment of flat walls, the bounce-back boundary, and corresponding improvements. Then, we move to the BFL BC for curved boundaries and ends by outlining other wall BCs.
Mengtao Han, Ryozo Ooka
Chapter 4. From the Lattice Boltzmann Equation to Fluid Governing Equations
Abstract
In this chapter, we derive the fluid governing equations (the continuity and Navier‒Stokes equations) from the lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE). By the end of this chapter, readers will realize that the LBE is equivalent to the fluid governing equations. To a certain extent, the fluid governing equations are a 2nd-order approximate solution to the LBE. We do not cover the energy equation derivation in this chapter because this book mainly deals with isothermal built environment problems. The purpose of this chapter is to deepen the reader’s understanding of the LBM. The derivation process involves several mathematical tools, including partial differentiation, integration, and simple linear algebra. Readers not interested in such mathematical details can skip this chapter if they wish, which will not affect their general understanding and knowledge needed to apply the LBM to solve engineering problems.
Mengtao Han, Ryozo Ooka
Chapter 5. Turbulence Models and LBM-Based Large-Eddy Simulation (LBM-LES)
Abstract
In this chapter, we focus on implementing large-eddy simulation (LES) in the LBM. By the end of this chapter, readers will have learned about basic turbulence models and their coupling to the LBM, particularly the subgrid-scale (SGS) model in LBM-based LES (LBM-LES). In addition, readers will know the implementation methods of SGS models commonly used in the built environment and their advantages and disadvantages when applied to LBM-LES.
Mengtao Han, Ryozo Ooka
Chapter 6. From LBE to LBM: Using the LBM to Solve Built Environment Problems
Abstract
In this chapter, we describe how to apply the LBE to solve built environment problems. The different temporal-spatial discretization methods of the LBM from the conventional FVM are introduced, along with its unique variable normalization method. This is the first step that should be considered before the simulation. Then, a fundamental general process framework for LBM simulations is presented. Finally, the errors encountered in LBM simulations are introduced. These errors include the discrete errors encountered in all CFD simulations, the unique compressibility errors in the LBM, and over-relaxation numerical oscillation that may occur when using the LBM to solve high-Re problems, such as built environment problems.
Mengtao Han, Ryozo Ooka

Practice of LBM-LES in Built Environment

Frontmatter
Chapter 7. LBM-LES in Ideal 3D Lid-Driven Cavity Flow Problems
Abstract
Through this chapter, readers will learn the first simulation case, the 3D lid-driven square cavity flow at a low Reynolds number, a simple problem but a prototype for many built environment issues. The readers will know the basic parameters and boundary conditions required for LBM-LES simulation. The readers will also know the velocity results under different Reynolds numbers and the consistency comparison with the classical FVM-LES. In addition, the computational time and parallel computational efficiency of LBM-LES and FVM-LES are discussed.
Mengtao Han, Ryozo Ooka
Chapter 8. LBM-LES in an Isothermal Indoor Flow Problem
Abstract
In this chapter, the reader will learn the LBM-LES simulation of an indoor airflow case, a standard case of isothermal indoor airflow published by the International Energy Organization (IEA Annex 20). Through this chapter, the reader will understand the basic parameters and boundary conditions for LBM-LES simulations of indoor airflow environments, particularly the impact of various LBM-LES simulation conditions on simulation accuracy, such as grid resolution, discrete time interval, relaxation time scheme, and discrete velocity scheme. The reader will also learn about the consistency of the simulation results with FVM-LES. In addition, this chapter also discusses the computational time and parallel computational performance of LBM-LES in indoor environment simulation.
Mengtao Han, Ryozo Ooka
Chapter 9. LBM-LES in the Outdoor Wind Environment Problem Around a Single Building
Abstract
In this chapter, a practical guide for LBM-LES application to outdoor wind environments is presented. In this chapter, the readers will learn about the fundamental problem in the built outdoor environment, i.e., turbulent wind flow around a single building. First, the various simulation techniques presented in this book, including instantaneous turbulent inlet flow, boundary conditions, parameter settings, convergence criteria, accuracy evaluation, and some simulation precautions, are comprehensively applied. By applying this information, readers should be able to complete their own simulations. Then, the effect of various settings on simulation accuracy is discussed. Subsequently, the proposed LBM-LES is compared with the popular FVM-LES to show the advantages and limitations of the former in solving outdoor turbulence problems. Finally, the computational speed and PCE are discussed, as well as the hardware bottleneck effect on computational speed.
Mengtao Han, Ryozo Ooka
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
Large-Eddy Simulation Based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method for Built Environment Problems
Authors
Mengtao Han
Ryozo Ooka
Copyright Year
2023
Publisher
Springer Nature Singapore
Electronic ISBN
978-981-9912-64-3
Print ISBN
978-981-9912-63-6
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1264-3