2. Legal System

The chapter begins by highlighting the rich variety of legal systems worldwide, shaped by the cultural diversity of human civilizations. It argues that despite their differences, legal systems can be broadly categorized into Eastern and Western traditions. The Eastern legal system is characterized by its ethical and religious foundations, while the Western system emphasizes the rule of law and the protection of individual rights. The chapter then delves into the two major Western legal systems: civil law and common law. The civil law system, originating from Roman law, is characterized by its codified nature and emphasis on statutory law. In contrast, the common law system, which evolved in England, is based on judicial precedent and case law. The chapter also discusses the historical development of these systems and their unique features, providing insights into how they have shaped contemporary legal practices. Additionally, it touches on the influence of these systems on the rule of law in China and other legal civilizations around the world.