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Published in:
2022 | OriginalPaper | Chapter
12. Life Cycle Assessment Based Environmental Footprint of a Battery Recycling Process
Authors : Arvind Kumar, Abhishek Gupta, Shalini Verma, Akshoy Ranjan Paul, Anuj Jain, Nawshad Haque
Published in: Intelligent Manufacturing and Energy Sustainability
Publisher: Springer Singapore
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Abstract
South Asian countries are facing a problem of transport vehicle emission. Electric vehicle with low or even a zero-emission is seen as a potential solution for the tail pipe emission. The environmental impact of lithium-ion battery has been undertaken in this study. One battery pack used in three-wheel electric rickshaws chosen as a case. It has nominal capacity of 3.69 kWh which is considered which is able to be used up to 40,000 km of driving distance for 400 cycles for a period of 3 years. This study reveals the environmental footprint associated with the lithium-ion battery production, use and recycling phases. The result shows that the production phase generates higher impact compared with other phases. In this use phase, electricity losses due to battery charging also cause environmental impact. Valuable materials are recycled in the end-of-life waste management phase contributing benefits and earning environment credits.