Appropriate municipal solid waste management transition should be promoted for developing Asian countries. Thus, we established a life-cycle assessment model to assess the environmental impact of waste recycling, composting, incineration, and landfill with gas recovery (LFG) for 34 capital cities in Indonesia by 2025. Scenarios A (12.5% recycling + 12.5% composting + 37.5% incineration + 37.5% LFG), B (15% recycling + 10% composting + 50% incineration + 25% LFG), C (10% recycling + 15% composting + 25% incineration + 50% LFG), D (20% recycling + 5% composting + 75% incineration), and E (20% recycling + 5% composting + 75% LFG) are developed to quantify future environmental impacts and energy generation potential from waste-to-energy (WtE). Results show that Java contributes the highest environmental impacts, while Moluccas and Papua show the least impacts. Cumulative environmental benefits from scenarios A, E, D, B, and C were 98%, 97%, 92%, 91%, and 86%, respectively, compared to Business-as-Usual scenario. Incineration can provide more energy than LFG. Scenarios D and E generate the highest electricity from incineration and LFG, respectively. WtE electricity rate to social energy consumption is scenario B (5.34%) > D (5.22%) > A (4.81%) > C (4.27%) > E (1.49%). Scenario A is suggested considering its best environmental benefit, while scenario B is advised considering its highest electricity contribution rate. Finally, appropriate environmental mitigation schemes and WtE facilitation are proposed.