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2012 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Lighting-Viewing Methods

Author : Dr. Bruce G. Batchelor

Published in: Machine Vision Handbook

Publisher: Springer London

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Abstract

The image acquisition sub-system consists of one, or more, light sources, lenses and possibly mirrors, filters, prisms, polarisers, etc. It also contains one, or more, opto-electronic transducers (i.e., cameras and/or scanners). Simply knowing what “building bricks” are available is not enough; we must be able to construct an integrated system. Object presentation and transport are important and require that we address mechanical handling issues: grasping the object, as well as moving it before, during and after image capture. The type of viewing background is important, as are numerous seemingly mundane tasks, such as eliminating ambient light, building vibration-proof optical mountings and keeping optical components clean, dry and cool. In most applications, the placement of the camera relative to the object under inspection and the lights is critical; the image quality derived from the same object may vary from very poor to excellent, depending on the lighting-viewing conditions. This chapter introduces the catalogue of Lighting Viewing Methods (LVMs) in Chap.​ 40. The latter presents qualitative descriptions of a variety of “front end” configurations for a vision system. There can be no rigid formula-based approach to designing a lighting-viewing system. This does not, in any way, diminish the need for sound mathematical analysis, where it can be applied appropriately (e.g., lens design). There can be no equation to tell us when it is most appropriate to use, say, diffuse, or dark-field illumination, monochromatic or polarised light, or a combination of these. The system designer must use his/her judgment and experience. Most importantly, he/she must look at the widget and its surroundings! Two diagrammatic representations of the spatial relationship between the lights and camera are presented here. These are useful for recording and summarising the results of experimentation, which the author asserts is the only practical approach to designing the image acquisition sub-system.

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Literature
go back to reference Batchelor BG (1982) A laboratory-based approach for designing automated inspection systems. In: Proceedings of the international workshop on industrial applications of machine vision, Research Triangle, May 1982. IEEE Computer Society, pp 80–86 Batchelor BG (1982) A laboratory-based approach for designing automated inspection systems. In: Proceedings of the international workshop on industrial applications of machine vision, Research Triangle, May 1982. IEEE Computer Society, pp 80–86
go back to reference Batchelor BG (1991) Tools for designing industrial vision systems. In: SPIE conference on machine vision systems integration, Boston, 6–7 November 1990. SPIE, vol. CR36, pp 138–175, ISBN 0-8194-0471-3 Batchelor BG (1991) Tools for designing industrial vision systems. In: SPIE conference on machine vision systems integration, Boston, 6–7 November 1990. SPIE, vol. CR36, pp 138–175, ISBN 0-8194-0471-3
go back to reference Batchelor BG (1994) HyperCard lighting advisor. In: Proceedings of the conference on machine vision applications, architectures and systems III, Boston, November 1994. SPIE, Bellingham, vol. 2347, pp 180–188, ISBN 0-8194-1682-7 Batchelor BG (1994) HyperCard lighting advisor. In: Proceedings of the conference on machine vision applications, architectures and systems III, Boston, November 1994. SPIE, Bellingham, vol. 2347, pp 180–188, ISBN 0-8194-1682-7
go back to reference Batchelor BG, Steel AK (1985) A flexible inspection cell. In: Proceedings of the international conference on automation in manufacturing, Part 4: automated vision systems, Singapore, September 1985. Singapore Exhibition, pp 108–134 Batchelor BG, Steel AK (1985) A flexible inspection cell. In: Proceedings of the international conference on automation in manufacturing, Part 4: automated vision systems, Singapore, September 1985. Singapore Exhibition, pp 108–134
go back to reference Batchelor BG, Whelan PF (eds) (1994) Industrial vision systems. In: SPIE Milestone Series, vol. MS 97. SPIE – The International Society for Optical Engineering, Bellingham, ISBN 0-8194-1580-4 Batchelor BG, Whelan PF (eds) (1994) Industrial vision systems. In: SPIE Milestone Series, vol. MS 97. SPIE – The International Society for Optical Engineering, Bellingham, ISBN 0-8194-1580-4
go back to reference Batchelor BG, Daley MW, Hitchell RJ, Hunter GJ, Jones GE, Karantalis G (1999) Remotely operated prototyping environment for automated visual inspection. In: Proceedings, IMVIP’99: Irish machine vision and image processing conference 1999, Dublin City University, Dublin Batchelor BG, Daley MW, Hitchell RJ, Hunter GJ, Jones GE, Karantalis G (1999) Remotely operated prototyping environment for automated visual inspection. In: Proceedings, IMVIP’99: Irish machine vision and image processing conference 1999, Dublin City University, Dublin
Metadata
Title
Lighting-Viewing Methods
Author
Dr. Bruce G. Batchelor
Copyright Year
2012
Publisher
Springer London
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-169-1_8