Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Fire Technology 1/2019

13-08-2018 | Review Paper

Local Buckling of Steel Members Under Fire Conditions: A Review

Author: C. Maraveas

Published in: Fire Technology | Issue 1/2019

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Local buckling is a failure mode commonly observed in thin-walled structural steel elements. Even though its effect on their behaviour at ambient temperature conditions is well documented and incorporated in current design codes, this is not the case when such elements are exposed to fire. This paper focuses on the occurrence of local buckling in steel members at elevated temperatures by conducting a thorough review of the literature. Experimental data (over 400 in total) gathered from 16 different sources are presented for both hot-formed as well as cold-formed elements made from different cross-sectional geometries (rolled or welded H-sections, box sections, channels etc.). The effect of local buckling (and the various parameters that influence it) on the failure temperature is discussed based on the collected experimental evidence. Finally, the methods (numerical modelling and proposed analytical expressions) used by different authors to understand this phenomenon for steel members exposed to fire are discussed.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference European Committee for Standardisation (ECS) (2005) EN 1993-1-1, Eurocode 3: design of steel structures—part 1-1: general rules and rules for buildings. Brussels European Committee for Standardisation (ECS) (2005) EN 1993-1-1, Eurocode 3: design of steel structures—part 1-1: general rules and rules for buildings. Brussels
2.
go back to reference European Committee for Standardization (ECS) (2005) EN 1993-1-2, Eurocode 3: design of steel structures. Part 1.2: general rules—structural fire design. Brussels European Committee for Standardization (ECS) (2005) EN 1993-1-2, Eurocode 3: design of steel structures. Part 1.2: general rules—structural fire design. Brussels
3.
go back to reference American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) (2005) Standard ANSI/AISC360-05. Specifications for Structural Steel Buildings, Chicago American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) (2005) Standard ANSI/AISC360-05. Specifications for Structural Steel Buildings, Chicago
4.
go back to reference Quiel S, Garlock M (2010) Calculating the buckling strength of steel plates exposed to fire. Thin-Walled Struct 48:684–695CrossRef Quiel S, Garlock M (2010) Calculating the buckling strength of steel plates exposed to fire. Thin-Walled Struct 48:684–695CrossRef
5.
go back to reference European Committee for Standardization (ECS) (2006) EN 1993-1-3, Eurocode 3: design of steel structures. Part 1.3: general rules-supplementary rules for cold-formed members and sheeting, Brussels European Committee for Standardization (ECS) (2006) EN 1993-1-3, Eurocode 3: design of steel structures. Part 1.3: general rules-supplementary rules for cold-formed members and sheeting, Brussels
6.
go back to reference American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) (2007) Specifications for the cold-formed steel structural members. Cold-formed Steel Design Manual. Washington American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) (2007) Specifications for the cold-formed steel structural members. Cold-formed Steel Design Manual. Washington
7.
go back to reference British Standards Institution (BSI) (1998) British Standard 5950: structural use of steelwork in buildings. Part 5: code of practice for design of cold-formed thin gauge sections. London British Standards Institution (BSI) (1998) British Standard 5950: structural use of steelwork in buildings. Part 5: code of practice for design of cold-formed thin gauge sections. London
8.
go back to reference Standards Australia (SA) (2005) Cold-formed steel structures, AS/NZS 4600. Sydney Standards Australia (SA) (2005) Cold-formed steel structures, AS/NZS 4600. Sydney
9.
go back to reference American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) (2004) Supplement to the North American Specification for design of cold-formed steel structural members. Washington American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) (2004) Supplement to the North American Specification for design of cold-formed steel structural members. Washington
10.
go back to reference British Standards Institution (BSI) (2005) British Standard 5950: structural use of steelwork in buildings. Part 8: code of practice for fire resistant design. London British Standards Institution (BSI) (2005) British Standard 5950: structural use of steelwork in buildings. Part 8: code of practice for fire resistant design. London
11.
go back to reference Yang KC, Chen SJ, Lin CC, Lee HH (2005) Experimental study on local buckling of fire-resisting steel columns under fire load. J Constr Steel Res 61:553–565CrossRef Yang KC, Chen SJ, Lin CC, Lee HH (2005) Experimental study on local buckling of fire-resisting steel columns under fire load. J Constr Steel Res 61:553–565CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Yang KC, Yang FC (2015) Fire performance of restrained welded steel box columns. J Constr Steel Res 107:173–181CrossRef Yang KC, Yang FC (2015) Fire performance of restrained welded steel box columns. J Constr Steel Res 107:173–181CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Wang W, Kodur V, Yang X, Li G (2014) Experimental study on local buckling of axially compressed steel stub columns at elevated temperatures. Thin-Walled Struct 82:33–45CrossRef Wang W, Kodur V, Yang X, Li G (2014) Experimental study on local buckling of axially compressed steel stub columns at elevated temperatures. Thin-Walled Struct 82:33–45CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Franssen JM, Fohn T (2013) FIDESC4: fire behaviour of steel members with class 4 cross sections under axial compression and axial compression with eccentricity. Report of the experimental tests performed at the University of Liège Franssen JM, Fohn T (2013) FIDESC4: fire behaviour of steel members with class 4 cross sections under axial compression and axial compression with eccentricity. Report of the experimental tests performed at the University of Liège
16.
go back to reference Franssen JM, Zhao B, Gernay T (2014) Experimental tests and numerical modelling on eight slender steel columns under increasing temperatures. In: 8th international conference on structures in fire. Shanghai Franssen JM, Zhao B, Gernay T (2014) Experimental tests and numerical modelling on eight slender steel columns under increasing temperatures. In: 8th international conference on structures in fire. Shanghai
17.
go back to reference Theofanous M, Propsert T, Knobloch M, Gardner L (2016) The continuous strength method for steel cross-section design at elevated temperatures. Thin-Walled Struct 98:94–102CrossRef Theofanous M, Propsert T, Knobloch M, Gardner L (2016) The continuous strength method for steel cross-section design at elevated temperatures. Thin-Walled Struct 98:94–102CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Knobloch M, Somaini D, Pauli J, Fontana M (2010) Stability of steel columns subjected to fire. In: Stability and ductility of steel structures. Rio de Janeiro Knobloch M, Somaini D, Pauli J, Fontana M (2010) Stability of steel columns subjected to fire. In: Stability and ductility of steel structures. Rio de Janeiro
20.
go back to reference Prachar M, Hricak J, Jandera M, Wald F, Zhao B (2016) Experiments of Class 4 open section beams at elevated temperature. Thin-Walled Struct 98(1): 2–18CrossRef Prachar M, Hricak J, Jandera M, Wald F, Zhao B (2016) Experiments of Class 4 open section beams at elevated temperature. Thin-Walled Struct 98(1): 2–18CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Franssen JM, Morente F, Vila Real P, Wald F, Sanzel A, Zhao B (2015) Fire design of steel members with welded or hot-rolled class 4 cross-sections Technical Report. No: Report n.6 Franssen JM, Morente F, Vila Real P, Wald F, Sanzel A, Zhao B (2015) Fire design of steel members with welded or hot-rolled class 4 cross-sections Technical Report. No: Report n.6
22.
go back to reference Dharma RB, Tan KH (2007) Rotational capacity of steel I-beams under fire conditions—part I: experimental study. Eng Struct 29(9):2391–2402CrossRef Dharma RB, Tan KH (2007) Rotational capacity of steel I-beams under fire conditions—part I: experimental study. Eng Struct 29(9):2391–2402CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Couto C, Vila Real P, Lopes N, Zhao B (2015) Resistance of steel cross-sections with local buckling at elevated temperatures. J Constr Steel Res 109:101–114CrossRef Couto C, Vila Real P, Lopes N, Zhao B (2015) Resistance of steel cross-sections with local buckling at elevated temperatures. J Constr Steel Res 109:101–114CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Heidarpour A, Bradford MA (2008) Local buckling and slenderness limits for steel webs under combined bending, compression and shear at elevated temperatures. Thin-Walled Struct 46:128–146CrossRef Heidarpour A, Bradford MA (2008) Local buckling and slenderness limits for steel webs under combined bending, compression and shear at elevated temperatures. Thin-Walled Struct 46:128–146CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Ragheb WF (2016) Estimating the local buckling capacity of structural steel I-section columns at elevated temperatures. Thin-Walled Struct 107:18–27CrossRef Ragheb WF (2016) Estimating the local buckling capacity of structural steel I-section columns at elevated temperatures. Thin-Walled Struct 107:18–27CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Seif M, McAllister T (2013) Stability of wide flange structural steel columns at elevated temperatures. J Constr Steel Res 84:17–26CrossRef Seif M, McAllister T (2013) Stability of wide flange structural steel columns at elevated temperatures. J Constr Steel Res 84:17–26CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Wang W, Ohmiya Y, Ma G (2013) Fire resistance study of axially loaded high strength steel columns. Proc Eng 62: 690–701CrossRef Wang W, Ohmiya Y, Ma G (2013) Fire resistance study of axially loaded high strength steel columns. Proc Eng 62: 690–701CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Franssen JM, Cowez B, Gernay T (2014) Effective stress method to be used in beam finite elements to take local instabilities into account. Fire Saf Sci 11:544–557CrossRef Franssen JM, Cowez B, Gernay T (2014) Effective stress method to be used in beam finite elements to take local instabilities into account. Fire Saf Sci 11:544–557CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Agarwal A, Varma AH, Cedeno G (2011) Steel columns under fire loading: stability behaviour and design. In: SSRC annual stability conference. Phoenix Agarwal A, Varma AH, Cedeno G (2011) Steel columns under fire loading: stability behaviour and design. In: SSRC annual stability conference. Phoenix
31.
go back to reference Selamet S, Garlock ME (2010) Local buckling study of flanges and webs in I-shapes at elevated temperatures. In: Proceedings of the 2010 Structures Congress, Orlando, Florida, USA, May 12–15 2010 Selamet S, Garlock ME (2010) Local buckling study of flanges and webs in I-shapes at elevated temperatures. In: Proceedings of the 2010 Structures Congress, Orlando, Florida, USA, May 12–15 2010
32.
go back to reference Couto C, Vila Real P, Lopes N, Zhao B (2014) A new design method to take into account the local buckling of steel cross-sections at elevated temperatures. In: 8th international conference on structures in fire. Shanghai, China, June 11–13, 2014 Couto C, Vila Real P, Lopes N, Zhao B (2014) A new design method to take into account the local buckling of steel cross-sections at elevated temperatures. In: 8th international conference on structures in fire. Shanghai, China, June 11–13, 2014
33.
go back to reference Naser MZ, Kodur VKR (2016) Factors governing onset of local instabilities in fire exposed steel beams. Thin-Walled Struct 98:48–57CrossRef Naser MZ, Kodur VKR (2016) Factors governing onset of local instabilities in fire exposed steel beams. Thin-Walled Struct 98:48–57CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Couto C, Vila Real P, Lopes N, Zhao B (2016) Numerical investigation of the lateral–torsional buckling of beams with slender cross sections for the case of fire. Eng Struct 106:410–421CrossRef Couto C, Vila Real P, Lopes N, Zhao B (2016) Numerical investigation of the lateral–torsional buckling of beams with slender cross sections for the case of fire. Eng Struct 106:410–421CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Dharma RB, Tan KH (2007) Rotational capacity of steel I-beams under fire conditions—part II: numerical simulations. Eng Struct 29(9):2403–2418CrossRef Dharma RB, Tan KH (2007) Rotational capacity of steel I-beams under fire conditions—part II: numerical simulations. Eng Struct 29(9):2403–2418CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Couto C, Vila Real P, Lopes N, Zhao B (2016) Local buckling in laterally restrained steel beam-columns in case of fire. J Constr Steel Res 122:543–556CrossRef Couto C, Vila Real P, Lopes N, Zhao B (2016) Local buckling in laterally restrained steel beam-columns in case of fire. J Constr Steel Res 122:543–556CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Maia E, Couto C, Vila Real P, Lopes N (2016) Critical temperatures of class 4 cross-sections. J Constr Steel Res 121:370–382CrossRef Maia E, Couto C, Vila Real P, Lopes N (2016) Critical temperatures of class 4 cross-sections. J Constr Steel Res 121:370–382CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Knobloch M, Fontana M (2006) Strain-based approach to local buckling of steel sections subjected to fire. J Constr Steel Res 62:44–67CrossRef Knobloch M, Fontana M (2006) Strain-based approach to local buckling of steel sections subjected to fire. J Constr Steel Res 62:44–67CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Couto C, Vila Real P, Lopes N, Zhao B (2014) Effective width method to account for the local buckling of steel thin plates at elevated temperatures. Thin-Walled Struct 84:134–149CrossRef Couto C, Vila Real P, Lopes N, Zhao B (2014) Effective width method to account for the local buckling of steel thin plates at elevated temperatures. Thin-Walled Struct 84:134–149CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Gunalan S, Heva YB, Mahendran M (2015) Local buckling studies of cold-formed steel compression members at elevated temperatures. J Constr Steel Res 108:31–45CrossRef Gunalan S, Heva YB, Mahendran M (2015) Local buckling studies of cold-formed steel compression members at elevated temperatures. J Constr Steel Res 108:31–45CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Craveiro HD, Rodrigues JPC, Laím L (2014) Cold-formed steel columns made with open cross-sections subjected to fire. Thin-Walled Struct 85:1–14CrossRef Craveiro HD, Rodrigues JPC, Laím L (2014) Cold-formed steel columns made with open cross-sections subjected to fire. Thin-Walled Struct 85:1–14CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Feng M, Wang YC, Davies JM (2003) Structural behaviour of cold-formed thin-walled short steel channel columns at elevated temperatures. Part 1: experiments. Thin-Walled Struct 41:543–570CrossRef Feng M, Wang YC, Davies JM (2003) Structural behaviour of cold-formed thin-walled short steel channel columns at elevated temperatures. Part 1: experiments. Thin-Walled Struct 41:543–570CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Craveiro HD, Rodrigues JPC, Laím L (2016) Experimental analysis of built-up closed cold-formed steel columns with restrained thermal elongation under fire conditions. Thin-Walled Struct 107:564–579CrossRef Craveiro HD, Rodrigues JPC, Laím L (2016) Experimental analysis of built-up closed cold-formed steel columns with restrained thermal elongation under fire conditions. Thin-Walled Struct 107:564–579CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Lee JH (2004) Local buckling behaviour and design of cold-formed steel compression members at elevated temperatures. Ph.D. Thesis, Queensland University Lee JH (2004) Local buckling behaviour and design of cold-formed steel compression members at elevated temperatures. Ph.D. Thesis, Queensland University
45.
go back to reference Laím L, Rodrigues JPC, Craveiro HD (2016) Flexural behaviour of axially and rotationally restrained cold-formed Steel beams subjected to fire. Thin-Walled Struct 98:39–47CrossRef Laím L, Rodrigues JPC, Craveiro HD (2016) Flexural behaviour of axially and rotationally restrained cold-formed Steel beams subjected to fire. Thin-Walled Struct 98:39–47CrossRef
46.
go back to reference Sivakumaran KS (1987) Analysis for local buckling capacity of cold-formed steel sections with web opening. Comput Struct 26(1):275–282CrossRef Sivakumaran KS (1987) Analysis for local buckling capacity of cold-formed steel sections with web opening. Comput Struct 26(1):275–282CrossRef
47.
go back to reference Feng M, Wang YC, Davies JM (2003) Structural behaviour of cold-formed thin-walled short steel channel columns at elevated temperatures. Part 2: design calculations and numerical analysis. Thin-Walled Struct 41:571–594CrossRef Feng M, Wang YC, Davies JM (2003) Structural behaviour of cold-formed thin-walled short steel channel columns at elevated temperatures. Part 2: design calculations and numerical analysis. Thin-Walled Struct 41:571–594CrossRef
48.
go back to reference Kaitila O (2002) Imperfection sensitivity analysis of lipped channel columns at high temperatures. J Constr Steel Res 58:333–351CrossRef Kaitila O (2002) Imperfection sensitivity analysis of lipped channel columns at high temperatures. J Constr Steel Res 58:333–351CrossRef
49.
go back to reference Shahbazian A, Wang YC (2014) A fire resistance design method for thin-walled steel studs in wall panel constructions exposed to parametric fires. Thin-Walled Struct 77:67–76CrossRef Shahbazian A, Wang YC (2014) A fire resistance design method for thin-walled steel studs in wall panel constructions exposed to parametric fires. Thin-Walled Struct 77:67–76CrossRef
50.
go back to reference Cheng S, Li L, Kim B (2015) Buckling analysis of partially protected cold-formed steel channel-section columns at elevated temperatures. Fire Saf J 72:7–15CrossRef Cheng S, Li L, Kim B (2015) Buckling analysis of partially protected cold-formed steel channel-section columns at elevated temperatures. Fire Saf J 72:7–15CrossRef
51.
go back to reference Chen J, Young B (2007) Cold-formed steel lipped channel columns at elevated temperatures. Eng Struct 29:2445–2456CrossRef Chen J, Young B (2007) Cold-formed steel lipped channel columns at elevated temperatures. Eng Struct 29:2445–2456CrossRef
52.
go back to reference Shahbazian A, Wang YC (2011) Application of the direct strength method to local buckling resistance of thin-walled steel members with non-uniform elevated temperatures under axial compression. Thin-Walled Struct 49:1573–1583CrossRef Shahbazian A, Wang YC (2011) Application of the direct strength method to local buckling resistance of thin-walled steel members with non-uniform elevated temperatures under axial compression. Thin-Walled Struct 49:1573–1583CrossRef
53.
go back to reference Feng M, Wang YC, Davies JM (2004) A numerical imperfection sensitivity study of cold-formed thin-walled tubular steel columns at uniform elevated temperatures. Thin-Walled Struct 42:533–555CrossRef Feng M, Wang YC, Davies JM (2004) A numerical imperfection sensitivity study of cold-formed thin-walled tubular steel columns at uniform elevated temperatures. Thin-Walled Struct 42:533–555CrossRef
54.
go back to reference Cheng S, Li L, Kim B (2015) Buckling analysis of cold-formed steel channel-section beams at elevated temperatures. J Constr Steel Res 104:74–80CrossRef Cheng S, Li L, Kim B (2015) Buckling analysis of cold-formed steel channel-section beams at elevated temperatures. J Constr Steel Res 104:74–80CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Local Buckling of Steel Members Under Fire Conditions: A Review
Author
C. Maraveas
Publication date
13-08-2018
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Fire Technology / Issue 1/2019
Print ISSN: 0015-2684
Electronic ISSN: 1572-8099
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-018-0768-1

Other articles of this Issue 1/2019

Fire Technology 1/2019 Go to the issue