Skip to main content
Top

2014 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

8. Look-Up Tables, Dithering and Volterra Series for ADC Improvements

Authors : Henrik Lundin, Peter Händel

Published in: Design, Modeling and Testing of Data Converters

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Absrtact

This chapter gives an introduction and an overview to correction methods for analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), including methods that are implemented using look-up tables, the method known as dithering, and methods that are based on a mathematical model of the ADC.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Footnotes
1
Dithering methods were proposed earlier, but they do not fall into the class of post-correction methods.
 
2
In [26] the reconstruction values are denoted `quanta'.
 
Literature
1.
go back to reference Adamo, Francesco, Attivissimo, Filippo, Giaquinto, Nicola, Savino, Mario: FFT test of A/D converters to determine the integral nonlinearity. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 51(5), 1050–1054 (2002)CrossRef Adamo, Francesco, Attivissimo, Filippo, Giaquinto, Nicola, Savino, Mario: FFT test of A/D converters to determine the integral nonlinearity. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 51(5), 1050–1054 (2002)CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Aumala, Olli, Holub, Jan: Dithering design for measurement of slowly varying signals. Measurement 23(4), 271–276 (1998)CrossRef Aumala, Olli, Holub, Jan: Dithering design for measurement of slowly varying signals. Measurement 23(4), 271–276 (1998)CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Aumala, O., Holub, J.: Practical aspects of dithered quantizers. In: Holub, J., Smid, R. (eds.) Dithering in Measurement: Theory and Applications, Proceedings of 1st International On-line Workshop. CTU FEE Department of Measurement, Prague (TUT Measurement and Information Technology, Tampere (March 1998)) Aumala, O., Holub, J.: Practical aspects of dithered quantizers. In: Holub, J., Smid, R. (eds.) Dithering in Measurement: Theory and Applications, Proceedings of 1st International On-line Workshop. CTU FEE Department of Measurement, Prague (TUT Measurement and Information Technology, Tampere (March 1998))
4.
go back to reference Overcoming converter nonlinearities with dither. Application Note AN–410, Analog Devices, Norwood, MA. Brad Brannon. 1995 Overcoming converter nonlinearities with dither. Application Note AN–410, Analog Devices, Norwood, MA. Brad Brannon. 1995
5.
go back to reference Balestrieri, E., Daponte, P., Rapuano, S.: A state of the art on ADC error compensation methods. In: Proceedings IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, vol. 1, pp. 711–716. Como (2004) Balestrieri, E., Daponte, P., Rapuano, S.: A state of the art on ADC error compensation methods. In: Proceedings IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, vol. 1, pp. 711–716. Como (2004)
6.
go back to reference Bergman, David I.: Dynamic error correction of a digitizer for time domain metrology. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 53(5), 1384–1390 (2004)CrossRef Bergman, David I.: Dynamic error correction of a digitizer for time domain metrology. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 53(5), 1384–1390 (2004)CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Bjorsell, N., Suchanek, P., Handel, P., Ronnow, D.: Measuring Volterra kernels of analog-to-digital converters using a stepped three-tone scan. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 57(4), 666–671 (2008) Bjorsell, N., Suchanek, P., Handel, P., Ronnow, D.: Measuring Volterra kernels of analog-to-digital converters using a stepped three-tone scan. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 57(4), 666–671 (2008)
8.
go back to reference Carbone, Paolo: Quantitative criteria for the design of dither-based quantizing systems. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 46(3), 656–659 (1997)CrossRef Carbone, Paolo: Quantitative criteria for the design of dither-based quantizing systems. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 46(3), 656–659 (1997)CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Carbone, Paolo, Petri, Dario: Performance of stochastic and deterministic dithered quantizers. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 49(2), 337–340 (2000)CrossRef Carbone, Paolo, Petri, Dario: Performance of stochastic and deterministic dithered quantizers. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 49(2), 337–340 (2000)CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Dent, A.C., Cowan, C.F.N.: Linearization of analog-to-digital converters. IEEE Trans. Circuits Systems 37(6), 729–737 (1990) Dent, A.C., Cowan, C.F.N.: Linearization of analog-to-digital converters. IEEE Trans. Circuits Systems 37(6), 729–737 (1990)
11.
go back to reference Daponte, P., Holcer, R., Horniak, L., Michaeli, L., Rapuano, S.: Using an interpolation method for noise shaping in A/D converters. In: Proceedings of the 7th European Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Prague, 147–150 June 2002. IMEKO Daponte, P., Holcer, R., Horniak, L., Michaeli, L., Rapuano, S.: Using an interpolation method for noise shaping in A/D converters. In: Proceedings of the 7th European Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Prague, 147–150 June 2002. IMEKO
12.
go back to reference Ivo De Lotto, Paglia, G.E.: Dithering improves A/D converter linearity. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 35(2), 170–177 (1986) Ivo De Lotto, Paglia, G.E.: Dithering improves A/D converter linearity. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 35(2), 170–177 (1986)
13.
go back to reference Deyst, J.P., Vytal, J.J., Blasche, P.R., Siebert, W.M.: Wideband distortion compensation for bipolar flash analog-to-digital converters. In: Proceedings of the 9th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, pp. 290–294, Metro New York (1992) Deyst, J.P., Vytal, J.J., Blasche, P.R., Siebert, W.M.: Wideband distortion compensation for bipolar flash analog-to-digital converters. In: Proceedings of the 9th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, pp. 290–294, Metro New York (1992)
14.
go back to reference Elbornsson, J.: Equalization of distortion in A/D converters. Technical Report Licentiate Thesis no. 883, Department of Electrical Engineering, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden, April 2001 Elbornsson, J.: Equalization of distortion in A/D converters. Technical Report Licentiate Thesis no. 883, Department of Electrical Engineering, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden, April 2001
15.
go back to reference Eduri, U., Maloberti, F.: Online calibration of a Nyquist-rate analog-to-digital converter using output code-density histograms. IEEE Trans. Circuits Systems—Part I: Fundam. Theory Appl. 51(1), 15–24 (2004) Eduri, U., Maloberti, F.: Online calibration of a Nyquist-rate analog-to-digital converter using output code-density histograms. IEEE Trans. Circuits SystemsPart I: Fundam. Theory Appl. 51(1), 15–24 (2004)
16.
go back to reference Goodman, J., Miller, B., Herman, M., Vai, M., Monticciolo, P.: Extending the dynamic range of RF receivers using nonlinear equalization. In: 2009 International WD&D Conference, pp. 224–228 (2009) Goodman, J., Miller, B., Herman, M., Vai, M., Monticciolo, P.: Extending the dynamic range of RF receivers using nonlinear equalization. In: 2009 International WD&D Conference, pp. 224–228 (2009)
18.
go back to reference Gao, X.M., Sun, S.: Modeling the harmonic distortion of analog-to-digital converter using Volterra series. In: Proceedings IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, IMTC/1994, vol. 2, 911–913 May 1994 Gao, X.M., Sun, S.: Modeling the harmonic distortion of analog-to-digital converter using Volterra series. In: Proceedings IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, IMTC/1994, vol. 2, 911–913 May 1994
19.
go back to reference Hummels, D.M., Irons, F.H., Cook, R., Papantonopoulos, I.: Characterization of ADCs using a non-iterative procedure. In: Proceedings IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol. 2, pp. 5–8. London (1994) Hummels, D.M., Irons, F.H., Cook, R., Papantonopoulos, I.: Characterization of ADCs using a non-iterative procedure. In: Proceedings IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol. 2, pp. 5–8. London (1994)
20.
go back to reference Händel, Peter, Skoglund, Mikael, Pettersson, Mikael: A calibration scheme for imperfect quantizers. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 49, 1063–1068 (2000)CrossRef Händel, Peter, Skoglund, Mikael, Pettersson, Mikael: A calibration scheme for imperfect quantizers. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 49, 1063–1068 (2000)CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Hummels, Don: Performance improvement of all-digital wide-bandwidth receivers by linearization of ADCs and DACs. Measurement 31(1), 35–45 (2002)CrossRef Hummels, Don: Performance improvement of all-digital wide-bandwidth receivers by linearization of ADCs and DACs. Measurement 31(1), 35–45 (2002)CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Irons, F.H., Chaiken, A.I.: Analog-to-digital converter compensation precision effects. In: 29th Midwest Symposium on Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp. 849–852. Lincoln (1986) Irons, F.H., Chaiken, A.I.: Analog-to-digital converter compensation precision effects. In: 29th Midwest Symposium on Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp. 849–852. Lincoln (1986)
23.
go back to reference Irons, F.H., Hummels, D.M., Kennedy, S.P.: Improved compensation for analog-to-digital converters. IEEE Trans. Circuits Systems 38(8), 958–961 (1991)CrossRef Irons, F.H., Hummels, D.M., Kennedy, S.P.: Improved compensation for analog-to-digital converters. IEEE Trans. Circuits Systems 38(8), 958–961 (1991)CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Irons, F.H.: Dynamic characterization and compensation of analog to digital converters. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol. 3, pp. 1273–1277 (1986) Irons, F.H.: Dynamic characterization and compensation of analog to digital converters. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol. 3, pp. 1273–1277 (1986)
25.
go back to reference Lundin, H., Andersson, T., Skoglund, M., Händel, P.: Analog-to-digital converter error correction using frequency selective tables. In: RadioVetenskap och Kommunikation (RVK), pp. 487–490. Stockholm (2002) Lundin, H., Andersson, T., Skoglund, M., Händel, P.: Analog-to-digital converter error correction using frequency selective tables. In: RadioVetenskap och Kommunikation (RVK), pp. 487–490. Stockholm (2002)
26.
go back to reference Lloyd, S.P.: Least squares quantization in PCM. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theor. 28(2), 129–137 (1982) Lloyd, S.P.: Least squares quantization in PCM. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theor. 28(2), 129–137 (1982)
27.
go back to reference Lundin, H., Skoglund, M., Händel, P.: On external calibration of analog-to-digital converters. In: IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing, pp. 377–380. Singapore (2001) Lundin, H., Skoglund, M., Händel, P.: On external calibration of analog-to-digital converters. In: IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing, pp. 377–380. Singapore (2001)
28.
go back to reference Lundin, Henrik, Skoglund, Mikael, Händel, Peter: A criterion for optimizing bit-reduced post-correction of AD converters. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 53(4), 1159–1166 (2004)CrossRef Lundin, Henrik, Skoglund, Mikael, Händel, Peter: A criterion for optimizing bit-reduced post-correction of AD converters. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 53(4), 1159–1166 (2004)CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Lundin, H., Skoglund, M.,Händel, P.: On the estimation of quantizer reconstruction levels. In: Proceedings IEEE Instrumentation And Measurement Technology Conference, vol. 1, pp. 144–149. Ottawa (2005) Lundin, H., Skoglund, M.,Händel, P.: On the estimation of quantizer reconstruction levels. In: Proceedings IEEE Instrumentation And Measurement Technology Conference, vol. 1, pp. 144–149. Ottawa (2005)
30.
go back to reference Lundin, Henrik, Skoglund, Mikael, Händel, Peter: Optimal index-bit allocation for dynamic post-correction of analog-to-digital converters. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 53(2), 660–671 (2005)MathSciNetCrossRef Lundin, Henrik, Skoglund, Mikael, Händel, Peter: Optimal index-bit allocation for dynamic post-correction of analog-to-digital converters. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 53(2), 660–671 (2005)MathSciNetCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Lundin, H.: Dynamic compensation of analogue-to-digital converters. Master’s thesis, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Department of Signals, Sensors & Systems, Signal Processing, December 2000. IR-SB-EX-0023 Lundin, H.: Dynamic compensation of analogue-to-digital converters. Master’s thesis, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Department of Signals, Sensors & Systems, Signal Processing, December 2000. IR-SB-EX-0023
32.
go back to reference Lundin, H.: Post-correction of analog-to-digital converters. Technical report, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), May 2003. Licentiate Thesis Lundin, H.: Post-correction of analog-to-digital converters. Technical report, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), May 2003. Licentiate Thesis
33.
go back to reference Lipshitz, Stanley P., Wannamaker, Robert A., Vanderkooy, John: Quantization and dither: a theoretical survey. J. Audio Eng. Soc 40(5), 355–375 (1992) Lipshitz, Stanley P., Wannamaker, Robert A., Vanderkooy, John: Quantization and dither: a theoretical survey. J. Audio Eng. Soc 40(5), 355–375 (1992)
34.
go back to reference Medawar, S., Handel, P., Bjorsell, N., Jansson, M.: Input-dependent integral nonlinearity modeling for pipelined analog digital converters. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 59(10), 2609 –2620 (2010) Medawar, S., Handel, P., Bjorsell, N., Jansson, M.: Input-dependent integral nonlinearity modeling for pipelined analog digital converters. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 59(10), 2609 –2620 (2010)
35.
go back to reference Medawar, S., Handel, P., Bjorsell, N., Jansson, M.: Postcorrection of pipelined analog digital converters based on input-dependent integral nonlinearity modeling. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 60(10), 3342 –3350 (2011) Medawar, S., Handel, P., Bjorsell, N., Jansson, M.: Postcorrection of pipelined analog digital converters based on input-dependent integral nonlinearity modeling. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 60(10), 3342 –3350 (2011)
36.
go back to reference Moulin, D.: Real-time equalization of A/D converter nonlinearities. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol. 1, pp. 262–267. IEEE, Portland (1989) Moulin, D.: Real-time equalization of A/D converter nonlinearities. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol. 1, pp. 262–267. IEEE, Portland (1989)
37.
go back to reference Mikulik, Pavol, Šaliga, Ján: Volterra filtering for integrating ADC error correction, based on an a priori error model. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 51(4), 870–875 (2002)CrossRef Mikulik, Pavol, Šaliga, Ján: Volterra filtering for integrating ADC error correction, based on an a priori error model. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 51(4), 870–875 (2002)CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Oliver, B.M., Pierce, J., Shannon, C.E.: The philosophy of PCM. Proc. IRE 36, 1324–1331 (1948)CrossRef Oliver, B.M., Pierce, J., Shannon, C.E.: The philosophy of PCM. Proc. IRE 36, 1324–1331 (1948)CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Rebold, T.A., Irons, F.H.: A phase-plane approach to the compensation of high-speed analog-to-digital converters. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol. 2, pp. 455–458 (1987) Rebold, T.A., Irons, F.H.: A phase-plane approach to the compensation of high-speed analog-to-digital converters. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol. 2, pp. 455–458 (1987)
40.
go back to reference Roberts, L.G.: Picture coding using pseudo-random noise. IRE Trans. Inf. Theory 8, 145–154 (1962) Roberts, L.G.: Picture coding using pseudo-random noise. IRE Trans. Inf. Theory 8, 145–154 (1962)
41.
go back to reference Schuchman, Leonard: Dither signals and their effect on quantization noise. IEEE Trans. Commun. Technol. 12(4), 162–165 (1964)CrossRef Schuchman, Leonard: Dither signals and their effect on quantization noise. IEEE Trans. Commun. Technol. 12(4), 162–165 (1964)CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Schetzen, M.: Theory of pth-order inverses of nonlinear systems. IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. 23(5), 285–291 (1976) Schetzen, M.: Theory of pth-order inverses of nonlinear systems. IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. 23(5), 285–291 (1976)
43.
go back to reference Sheppard, W.F.: On the calculation of the most probable values of frequency constants for data arranged according to equidistant divisions of scale. Proc. London Math. Soc 24(2), 353–380 (1898) Sheppard, W.F.: On the calculation of the most probable values of frequency constants for data arranged according to equidistant divisions of scale. Proc. London Math. Soc 24(2), 353–380 (1898)
44.
go back to reference Anekal B. Sripad and Donald L. Snyder. A necessary and sufficient condition for quantization errors to be uniform and white. IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. 25(5), 442–448 (1977) Anekal B. Sripad and Donald L. Snyder. A necessary and sufficient condition for quantization errors to be uniform and white. IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. 25(5), 442–448 (1977)
45.
go back to reference IEEE. IEEE Standard for Terminology and Test Methods for Analog-to-Digital Converters. IEEE Std. 1241. 2000 IEEE. IEEE Standard for Terminology and Test Methods for Analog-to-Digital Converters. IEEE Std. 1241. 2000
46.
go back to reference Tsimbinos, J., Lever, K.V.: Applications of higher-order statistics to modelling, identification and cancellation of nonlinear distortion in high-speed samplers and analogue-to-digital converters using the Volterra and Wiener models. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Signal Processing Workshop on Higher-Order Statistics, 379–383 June 1993 Tsimbinos, J., Lever, K.V.: Applications of higher-order statistics to modelling, identification and cancellation of nonlinear distortion in high-speed samplers and analogue-to-digital converters using the Volterra and Wiener models. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Signal Processing Workshop on Higher-Order Statistics, 379–383 June 1993
47.
go back to reference Tsimbinos, J., Lever, K.V.: Computational complexity of Volterra based nonlinear compensators. Electron. Lett. 32(9), 852–854 (1996)CrossRef Tsimbinos, J., Lever, K.V.: Computational complexity of Volterra based nonlinear compensators. Electron. Lett. 32(9), 852–854 (1996)CrossRef
48.
go back to reference Tsimbinos, J., Lever, K.V.: Error table and Volterra compensation of A/D converter nonlinearities—a comparison. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Signal Processing and its Applications, vol. 2, pp. 861–864 August 1996 Tsimbinos, J., Lever, K.V.: Error table and Volterra compensation of A/D converter nonlinearities—a comparison. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Signal Processing and its Applications, vol. 2, pp. 861–864 August 1996
49.
go back to reference Tsimbinos, J., Lever, K.V.: Improved error-table compensation of A/D converters. IEEE Proc.—Circ. Devices Syst. 144(6), 343–349 (1997)CrossRef Tsimbinos, J., Lever, K.V.: Improved error-table compensation of A/D converters. IEEE Proc.—Circ. Devices Syst. 144(6), 343–349 (1997)CrossRef
50.
go back to reference Tsimbinos, J.,Marwood, W., Beaumont-Smith, A., Lin, C.C.: Results of A/D converter compensation with a VLSI chip. In: Proceedings of Information, Decision and Control, IDC 2002, 289–294 Feb 2002 Tsimbinos, J.,Marwood, W., Beaumont-Smith, A., Lin, C.C.: Results of A/D converter compensation with a VLSI chip. In: Proceedings of Information, Decision and Control, IDC 2002, 289–294 Feb 2002
51.
go back to reference Tsimbinos, J.: Identification and Compensation of Nonlinear Distortion. PhD thesis, School of Electronic Engineering, University of South Australia (1995) Tsimbinos, J.: Identification and Compensation of Nonlinear Distortion. PhD thesis, School of Electronic Engineering, University of South Australia (1995)
52.
go back to reference Widrow, Bernard: A study of rough amplitude quantization by means of Nyquist sampling theory. IRE Trans. Circuit Theory 3(4), 266–276 (1956)CrossRef Widrow, Bernard: A study of rough amplitude quantization by means of Nyquist sampling theory. IRE Trans. Circuit Theory 3(4), 266–276 (1956)CrossRef
53.
go back to reference Widrow, B.: Statistical analysis of amplitude-quantizer sampled-data systems. Trans. AIEE Part II: Appl. Ind. 79(52), 555–568 (1961) Widrow, B.: Statistical analysis of amplitude-quantizer sampled-data systems. Trans. AIEE Part II: Appl. Ind. 79(52), 555–568 (1961)
54.
go back to reference Widrow, B., Kollár, I.: Quantization Noise: Roundoff Error in Digital Computation, Signal Processing, Control, and Communications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK (2008)CrossRef Widrow, B., Kollár, I.: Quantization Noise: Roundoff Error in Digital Computation, Signal Processing, Control, and Communications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK (2008)CrossRef
55.
go back to reference Widrow, Bernard, Kollár, István, Liu, Ming-Chang: Statistical theory of quantization. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 45(2), 353–361 (1996)CrossRef Widrow, Bernard, Kollár, István, Liu, Ming-Chang: Statistical theory of quantization. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 45(2), 353–361 (1996)CrossRef
56.
go back to reference Wannamaker, R.A., Lipshitz, S.P., Vanderkooy, J.,Wright. J.N.: A theory of nonsubtractive dither. IEEE Trans. Sign. Proces. 48(2), 499–516 (2000) Wannamaker, R.A., Lipshitz, S.P., Vanderkooy, J.,Wright. J.N.: A theory of nonsubtractive dither. IEEE Trans. Sign. Proces. 48(2), 499–516 (2000)
Metadata
Title
Look-Up Tables, Dithering and Volterra Series for ADC Improvements
Authors
Henrik Lundin
Peter Händel
Copyright Year
2014
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39655-7_8