Top

Published in:

2020 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

10. Mapping Isotopic and Dissolved Organic Matter Baselines in Waters and Sediments of the Gulf of Mexico

Authors : Jeffrey P. Chanton, Aprami Jaggi, Jagoš R. Radović, Brad E. Rosenheim, Brett D. Walker, Stephen R. Larter, Kelsey Rogers, Samantha Bosman, Thomas B. P. Oldenburg

Published in: Scenarios and Responses to Future Deep Oil Spills

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

The Deepwater Horizon oil spill released petroleum hydrocarbons that were depleted in δ¹³C and Δ¹⁴C at depth into the Gulf of Mexico. Stable-carbon and radiocarbon isotopic values and high-resolution mass spectrometry were used to follow the distributions of this petroleum and to track its transformation into petrocarbon, a term used to describe crude oil or transformed crude oil following biodegradation, weathering, oxygenation, or loss of lighter components. The term petrocarbon includes oil- or methane-derived carbon assimilated or incorporated into microbial biomass or into the food web as well as degraded and undegraded petroleum constituents. Here we report (1) the increase in the relative abundance of oxygen-containing carbon compounds making up the dissolved organic matter (DOM) with increasing depth through the water column, indicating the biodegradation of DOM as it was transported to depth in the water column, (2) the finding of ¹⁴C depletion in DOM indicating petrocarbon inputs, and (3) the decrease and subsequent increase of ¹⁴C in the isotopic composition of sinking particles indicating the capture of petrocarbon in sediment traps. In addition, we discuss the ¹⁴C depletion of this material once it is sedimented to the seafloor and the implications for oil spill budgets of seafloor petrocarbon deposition.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

previous chapter Geochemical and Faunal Characterization in the Sediments off the Cuban North and Northwest Coast

next chapter Toward a Predictive Understanding of the Benthic Microbial Community Response to Oiling on the Northern Gulf of Mexico Coast

Adhikari PL, Maiti K, Overton EB, Rosenheim BE, Marx BD (2016) Distributions and accumulation rates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the northern Gulf of Mexico sediments. Environ Pollut 212:413–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.064CrossRef

Arnosti C, Repeta DJ, Blough NV (1994) Rapid bacterial degradation of polysaccharides in anoxic marine systems. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 58:2639–2652. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90134-1CrossRef

Aycard M, Derenne S, Largeau C, Mongenot T, Tribovillard N, Baudin F (2003) Formation pathways of proto-kerogens in Holocene sediments of the upwelling influenced Cariaco Trench, Venezuela. Org Geochem 34:701–718. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(03)00058-5CrossRef

Azetsu-Scott K, Passow U (2004) Ascending marine particles: significance of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in the upper ocean. Limnol Oceanogr 49(3):741–748. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2004.49.3.0741CrossRef

Bae E, Yeo IJ, Jeong B, Shin Y, Shin KH, Kim S (2011) Study of double bond equivalents and the numbers of carbon and oxygen atom distribution of dissolved organic matter with negative-mode FT-ICR MS. Anal Chem 83:4193–4199. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac200464qCrossRef

Bauer JE, Williams PM, Druffel ER (1992) 14C activity of dissolved organic carbon fractions in the north-central Pacific and Sargasso Sea. Nature, 357(6380), 667CrossRef

Bauer JE, Druffel ERM, Wolgast DM, Griffin S (2002) Temporal and regional variability in sources and cycling of DOC and POC in the northwest Atlantic continental shelf and slope. Deep Sea Res II 49:4387–4419CrossRef

Beaupre SR, Druffel ERM, Griffin G (2007) A low-blank photochemical extraction system for concentration and isotopic analyses of marine dissolved organic carbon. Limnol Oceanogr Methods 5(6):174–184CrossRef

Benner R, Pakulski JD, Mccarthy M, Hedges JI, Hatcher PG (1992) Bulk chemical characteristics of dissolved organic matter in the ocean. Science 255:1561–1564. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.255.5051.1561CrossRef

Beron-Vera FJ, Olascoaga MJ, Haller G, Farazmand J, Wang TY (2015) Dissipative inertial transport patterns near coherent Lagrangian eddies in the ocean. Interdiscip J Nonlinear Sci 25:8

Bosman SH, Chanton JP, Rogers KL (2017) Using stable and radiocarbon analyses as a forensic tool to find evidence of oil in the particulates of the water column and on the seafloor following the 2010 Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill. In: Stout S, Wang Z (eds) Oil spill environmental forensics case studies. Butterworth and Heinemann, Cambridge, MA, pp 639–650

Broman D, Colmsjö A, Ganning B, Näf C, Zebühr Y, Östman C (1987) “Fingerprinting” petroleum hydrocarbons in bottom sediment, plankton, and sediment trap collected seston. Mar Pollut Bull 18(7):380–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(87)90317-1CrossRef

Brooks GR, Larson RA, Schwing PT, Romero I, Moore C, Reichart GJ, Jilbert T, Chanton JP, Hastings DW, Overholt WA, Marks KP, Kostka JE, Homes CW, Hollander D (2015) Sedimentation pulse in the NE Gulf of Mexico following the 2010 DWH blowout. PLoS One 10(7):e0132341. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132341CrossRef

Burdige DJ, Gardner KG (1998) Molecular weight distribution of dissolved organic carbon in marine sediment pore waters. Mar Chem 62:45–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00035-8CrossRef

Burdige DJ, Komada T (2015) Sediment pore waters. In: Hansell DA, Carlson CA (eds) Biogeochemistry of marine dissolved organic matter, 2nd edn. Academic Press, New York. pp 535–577CrossRef

Chanton J, Zhao T, Rosenheim BE, Joye S, Bosman S, Brunner C, Yeager KM, Diercks AR, Hollander D (2015) Using natural abundance radiocarbon to trace the flux of petrocarbon to the seafloor following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Environ Sci Technol 49(2):847–854CrossRef

Chanton JP, Giering SL, Bosman SH, Rogers KL, Sweet J, Asper VL, Diercks AR, Passow U (2018) Isotopic composition of sinking particles: oil effects, recovery and baselines in the Gulf of Mexico, 2010–2015. Elementa Sci Anthropocene 6(43):1–19

Chen M, Hur J (2015) Pre-treatments, characteristics, and biogeochemical dynamics of dissolved organic matter in sediments: a review. Water Res 79:10–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2015.04.018CrossRef

Daly KL, Passow U, Chanton J, Hollander D (2016) Assessing the impacts of oil-associated marine snow formation and sedimentation during and after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Anthropocene 13:18–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2016.01.006CrossRef

Davis JE (2017) The Gulf: the making of an American Sea. Liveright Publishing, New York

Diercks AR, Asper VL (1997) In situ settling speeds of marine snow aggregates below the mixed layer: Black Sea and Gulf of Mexico. Deep Sea Res Part I 44(3):385–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(96)00104-5CrossRef

Diercks AR, Dike C, Asper V, DiMarco SF, Chanton J, Passow U (2018) Scales of seafloor sediment resuspension in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 6(32) http://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.285CrossRef

Dittmar T, Stubbins A (2013) Dissolved organic matter in aquatic systems, 2nd edn. Elsevier Ltd., New YorkCrossRef

Dittmar T, Koch B, Hertkorn N, Kattner G (2008) A simple and efficient method for the solid-phase extraction of dissolved organic matter (SPE-DOM) from seawater. Limnol Oceanogr Methods 6:230–235. https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2008.6.230CrossRef

Druffel ERM, Williams PM, Bauer JE, Ertel JR (1992) Cycling of dissolved and particulate organic matter in the open ocean. J Geophys Res 97(C10):15639–15659. https://doi.org/10.1029/92JC01511CrossRef

Druffel ERM, Bauer JE, Williams PM, Griffin S, Wolgast D (1996) Seasonal variability of particulate organic radiocarbon in the northeast Pacific Ocean. J Geophys Res 101(C9):20543–20552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96JC01850CrossRef

Druffel ERM, Griffin S, Coppola AI, Walker BD (2016) Radiocarbon in dissolved organic carbon of the Atlantic Ocean. Geophys Res Lett 43(10):5279–5286CrossRef

Emerson S, Hedges JI (1988) Processes controlling the organic carbon content of open ocean sediments. Paleogeogr Paleoclimatol Paleoecol 3:621–634. https://doi.org/10.1029/PA003i005p00621CrossRef

Fisher CR, Hsing P-Y, Kaiser CL, Yoerger DR, Roberts HH, Shedd WW, Cordes EE, Shank TM, Verlet SP, Saunders MG, Larcom EA, Brooks JM (2014) Footprint of Deepwater Horizon blowout impact to deep-water coral communities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111(32):11744–11749. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1403492111CrossRef

Garcia-Pineda O, MacDonald I, Hu C, Svejkovsky J, Hess M, Dukhovskoy D, Morey SL (2013) Detection of floating oil anomalies from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill with synthetic aperture radar. Oceanography 26:124–137. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2013.38CrossRef

Giering SLC, Yan B, Sweet J, Asper V, Diercks A, Chanton J, Passow U (2018) The ecosystem baseline for particle flux in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Elementa Sci Anthropocene 6(1):6. https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.264CrossRef

Hansell DA (2013) Recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon fractions. Annu Rev Mar Sci 5:421–445. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-120710-100757CrossRef

Hansell DA, Carlson CA, Repeta DJ, Schlitzer R (2009) Dissolved organic matter in the ocean—A controversy stimulates new insights. Oceanography 22(4):202–211CrossRef

Hedges JI (1978) The formation and clay mineral reactions of melanoidins. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 42:69–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(78)90218-1CrossRef

Hedges JI (1992) Global biogeochemical cycles: progress and problems. Mar Chem 39:67–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(92)90096-SCrossRef

Hedges JI, Keil RG (1995) Sedimentary organic matter preservation: an assessment and speculative synthesis. Mar Chem 49:137–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(95)00013-HCrossRef

Helms JR (2012) Spectroscopic characterization of dissolved organic matter: insights into composition photochemical transformation and carbon cycling. Dissertation, Old Dominion University

Henrichs SM (1992) Early diagenesis of organic matter in marine sediments: progress and perplexity. Mar Chem 39:119–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(92)90098-UCrossRef

Hertkorn N, Benner R, Frommberger M, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Witt M, Kaiser K, Kettrup A, Hedges JI (2006) Characterization of a major refractory component of marine dissolved organic matter. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 70:2990–3010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.03.021CrossRef

Jaggi A (2018) Dissolved organic matter in marine environments: a study of the origin lability and molecular composition. Dissertation, University of Calgary

Kim S, Kaplan LA, Benner R, Hatcher PG (2004) Hydrogen-deficient molecules in natural riverine water samples - evidence for the existence of black carbon in DOM. Mar Chem 92:225–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2004.06.042CrossRef

Killick R, Beaulieu C, Taylor S. 2016. EnvCpt: Detection of Structural Changes in Climate and Environment Time Series. R package version 0.1.1. https://CRAN.Rproject.org/package=EnvCpt

Koch BP, Witt M, Engbrodt R, Dittmar T, Kattner G (2005) Molecular formulae of marine and terrigenous dissolved organic matter detected by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69:3299–3308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.02.027CrossRef

Koch BP, Dittmar T, Witt M, Kattner G (2007) Fundamentals of molecular formula assignment to ultrahigh resolution mass data of natural organic matter. Anal Chem 79:1758–1763. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac061949sCrossRef

Kujawinski EB, Hatcher PG, Freitas MA (2002) High-resolution fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry of humic and fulvic acids: improvements and comparisons. Anal Chem 74:413–419. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0108313CrossRef

Libes S (2011) Introduction to marine biogeochemistry. Academic Press, New York

Lipiatou E, Marty J-C, Saliot A (1993) Sediment trap fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Mediterranean Sea. Mar Chem 44(1):43–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(93)90005-9CrossRef

MacDonald IR, Guinasso NL Jr, Acchleson SG, Amos JF, Duckworth R, Sassen R, Brooks JM (1993) Natural oil slicks in the Gulf of Mexico visible from space. J Geophys Res 98:16351–16364CrossRef

MacDonald IR, Garcia-Pineda O, Beet A, Daneshgar Asl S, Feng L, Graettinger G, French-McCay D, Holmes J, Hu C, Huffer F, Leifer I, Muller-Karger F, Solow A, Silva M, Swayze G (2015) Natural and unnatural oil slicks in the Gulf of Mexico. J Geophys Res Oceans 120:8364–8380. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011062CrossRef

Mason OU, Scott NM, Gonzalez A, Robbins-Pianka A, Bælum J, Kimbrel J, Bouskill NJ, Prestat E, Borglin S, Joyner DC, Fortney JL, Jurelevicius D, Stringfellow WT, Alvarez-Cohen L, Hazen TC, Knight R, Gilbert JA, Jansson JK (2014) Metagenomics reveals sediment microbial community response to Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Int Soc Microb Ecol J 8(7):464–1475

Mentges A, Feenders C, Seibt M, Blasius B, Dittmar T (2017) Functional molecular diversity of marine dissolved organic matter is reduced during degradation. Front Mar Sci 4:1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00194CrossRef

Nebbioso A, Piccolo A (2013) Molecular characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM): a critical review. Anal Bioanal Chem 405:109–124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6363-2CrossRef

Ogawa H, Amagai Y, Koike I, Kaiser K, Benner R (2001) Production of refractory dissolved organic matter by bacteria. Science 292:917–920. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1057627CrossRef

Olascoaga MJ, Haller G (2012) Forecasting sudden changes in environmental pollution patterns. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(13):4738–4743CrossRef

Olascoaga MJ, Beron-Vera FJ, Haller G, Triñanes J, Iskandarani M, Coelho EF, Haus BK, Huntley HS, Jacobs G, Kirwan AD Jr, Lipphardt BL Jr, Özgökmen TM, Reniers AJHM, Valle-Levinson A (2013) Drifter motion in the Gulf of Mexico constrained by altimetric Lagrangian coherent structures. Geophys Res Lett 40(23):6171–6175CrossRef

Opsahl S, Benner R, Amon RMW (1999) Major flux of terrigenous dissolved organic matter through the Arctic Ocean. Limnol Oceanogr 44:2017–2023. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1999.44.8.2017CrossRef

Passow U (2004) Switching perspectives: do mineral fluxes determine particulate organic carbon fluxes or vice versa? Geochem Geophys Geosyst 5(4):Q04002. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GC000670CrossRef

Passow U, Hetland RD (2016) What happened to all of the oil? Oceanography 29(3):88–95. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2016.73CrossRef

Passow U, Ziervogel K (2016) Marine snow sedimented oil released during the Deepwater Horizon spill. Oceanography 29(3):118–125. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2016.76CrossRef

Passow U, Ziervogel K, Asper V, Diercks A (2012) Marine snow formation in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Environ Res Lett 7(3):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/035301CrossRef

Pendergraft MA, Rosenheim BE (2014) Varying relative degradation rates of oil in different forms and environments revealed by ramped pyrolysis. Environ Sci Technol 48(18):10966–10974. https://doi.org/10.1021/es501354cCrossRef

Pendergraft MA, Dincer Z, Sericano JL, Wade TL, Kolasinski J, Rosenheim BE (2013) Linking ramped pyrolysis isotope data to oil content through PAH analysis. Environ Res Lett 8:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/4/044038CrossRef

Pohlman JW, Bauer JE, Canuel EA, Grabowski KS, Knies DL, Mitchell CS, Whiticar MJ, Coffin RB (2009) Methane sources in gas hydrate-bearing cold seeps: evidence from radiocarbon and stable isotopes. Mar Chem 115:102–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2009.07.001CrossRef

Pohlman JW, Bauer JE, Waite WF, Osburn CL, Chapman NR (2010) Methane hydrate-bearing seeps as a source of aged dissolved organic carbon to the oceans. Nat Geosci 4:37–41. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1016CrossRef

Poje AC, Özgökmen TM, Lipphart BL, Haus BK, Ryan EH, Haza AC, Jacobs GA, Reniers AJHM, Olascoaga MJ, Novelli G, Griffa A, Beron-Vera FJ, Chen SS, Coelho E, Hogan PJ, Kirwan AD Jr, Huntley HS, Mariano AJ (2014) Submesoscale dispersion in the vicinity of the Deepwater Horizon spill. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111(35):12693–12698CrossRef

Rivas D, Badan A, Ochoa J (2005) The ventilation of the deep Gulf of Mexico. J Phys Oceanogr 35:1763–1781CrossRef

Rogers KL, Bosman SH, Lardie-Gaylord M, McNichol A, Rosenheim BE, Montoya JP, Chanton JP (2019) Petrocarbon evolution: Ramped pyrolysis/oxidation and isotopic studies of contaminated oil sediments from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. PloS one 14(2): e0212433CrossRef

Romero IC, Schwing PT, Brooks GR, Larson RA, Hastings DW, Ellis G, Goddard EA, Hollander DJ (2015) Hydrocarbons in deep-sea sediments following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon blowout in the northeast Gulf of Mexico. PLoS One 10(5):e0128371CrossRef

Romero IC, Toro-Farmer G, Diercks A-R, Schwing P, Muller-Karger F, Murawski S, Hollander DJ (2017) Large-scale deposition of weathered oil in the Gulf of Mexico following a deep-water oil spill. Environ Pollut 228:179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.019CrossRef

Rosenheim BE, Pendergraft MA, Flowers GC, Carney R, Sericano J, Amer RM, Chanton J, Dincer A, Wade TL (2016) Employing extant stable carbon isotope data in Gulf of Mexico sedimentary organic matter for oil spill studies. Deep Sea Res II 129:249–258CrossRef

Schmidt F, Koch BP, Witt M, Hinrichs K-UU (2014) Extending the analytical window for water-soluble organic matter in sediments by aqueous Soxhlet extraction. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 141:83–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.06.009CrossRef

Schwing PT, Brooks GR, Larson RA, Holmes CW, O’Malley BJ, Hollander DJ (2017) Constraining the spatial extent of marine oil snow sedimentation and flocculent accumulation (MOSSFA) following the Deepwater Horizon event using an excess 210Pb flux approach. Environ Sci Technol 51(11):5962–5968. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00450CrossRef

Sleighter RL, Hatcher PG (2008) Molecular characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) along a river to ocean transect of the lower Chesapeake Bay by ultrahigh resolution electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Mar Chem 110:140–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2008.04.008CrossRef

Spencer RGM, Aiken GR, Butler KD, Dornblaser MM, Streigl RG (2009) Utilizing chromophoric dissolved organic matter measurements to derive export and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon exported to the Arctic Ocean: a case study of the Yukon River. Alaska Geophys Res Lett 36:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036831CrossRef

Stout SA, Rouhani S, Liu B, Oehrig J, Ricker RW, Baker G, Lewis C (2017) Assessing the footprint and volume of oil deposited in deep-sea sediments following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Mar Pollut Bull 114(1):327–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.046CrossRef

Stubbins A, Dittmar T (2015) Illuminating the deep: molecular signatures of photochemical alteration of dissolved organic matter from North Atlantic Deep Water. Mar Chem 177:318–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2015.06.020CrossRef

Stubbins A, Spencer RGM, Chen H, Hatcher PG, Mopper K, Hernes PJ, Mwamba VL, Mangangu AM, Wabakanghanzi JN, Six J (2010) Illuminated darkness: molecular signatures of Congo River dissolved organic matter and its photochemical alteration as revealed by ultrahigh precision mass spectrometry. Limnol Oceanogr 55:1467–1477. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.4.1467CrossRef

Stuiver M, Polach HA (1977) Reporting Of 14C data. Radiocarbon 19:355–263CrossRef

Tarr M, Zito P, Overton E, Olson GM, Adhikari AP, Reddy CM (2016) Weathering of oil spilled in the marine environment. Oceanography 29:126–135. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2016.77CrossRef

Turley CM, Stutt ED (2000) Depth-related cell-specific bacterial leucine incorporation rates on particles and its biogeochemical significance in the Northwest Mediterranean. Limnol Oceanogr 45:419–425. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2000.45.2.0419CrossRef

Valentine DL, Fisher GB, Bagby SC, Nelson RK, Reddy CM, Sylva SP, Woo MA (2014) Fallout plume of submerged oil from Deepwater Horizon. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111(45):15906–15911. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414873111CrossRef

Verschuren D (1993) A lightweight extruder for accurate sectioning of soft-bottom lake sediment cores in the field. Limnol Oceanogr 38:1796–1802. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1993.38.8.1796CrossRef

Vogel JS, Southon JR, Nelson DE (1987) Catalyst and binder effects in the use of filamentous graphite for AMS. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res, Sect B 29(1–2):50–56CrossRef

Wakeham SG, Sinninghe Damsté JS, Kohnen MEL, De Leeuw JW (1995) Organic sulfur compounds formed during early diagenesis in Black Sea sediments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59:521–533. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)00361-OCrossRef

Walker BD, Xu X (2019) An improved method for the sealed-tube zinc graphitization of microgram carbon samples for and 14C AMS measurement. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect B 438:58–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2018.08.004CrossRef

Walker BD, Druffel ERM, Kolasinski J, Roberts BJ, Xu X, Rosenheim BE (2017) Stable and radiocarbon isotopic composition of dissolved organic matter in the Gulf of Mexico. Geophys Res Lett 44:8424–8434. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074155CrossRef

Williams PM, Druffel ERM (1987) Radiocarbon in dissolved organic-matter in the Central North Pacific-Ocean. Nature 330(6145):246–248CrossRef

Xu X, Trumbore SE, Zheng S, Southon JR, McDuffee KE, Luttgen M, Liu JC (2007) Modifying a sealed tube zinc reduction method for preparation of AMS graphite targets: reducing background and attaining high precision. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect B 259:320–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.175CrossRef

Yan B, Passow U, Chanton JP, Nöthig E-M, Asper V, Sweet J, Pitiranggon M, Diercks A, De P (2016) Sustained deposition of contaminants from the Deepwater Horizon spill. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113(24):E3332–E3340. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1513156113CrossRef

Title: Mapping Isotopic and Dissolved Organic Matter Baselines in Waters and Sediments of the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Jeffrey P. Chanton
Aprami Jaggi
Jagoš R. Radović
Brad E. Rosenheim
Brett D. Walker
Stephen R. Larter
Kelsey Rogers
Samantha Bosman
Thomas B. P. Oldenburg
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Book: Scenarios and Responses to Future Deep Oil Spills
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-12962-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-12963-7

Copyright Year: 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12963-7_10