Measuring and Evaluation of Power Density Emitted by Communication Towers with Location and Time for Selected Locations in Karbala, Iraq

This study aims to measure and evaluate the energy density of electromagnetic radiation emitted by cell phone towers in three locations in Karbala, Iraq. The first location is the area between the Holy Shrine of Imam Hussain and Abbas that represents a religious area, while the second area is Al-Hussein District Street, which represents a commercial location. The third place is Al-Ghadeer District (a residential area). Field measurements were performed by using an HF 59B Analyser. This device is distinguished by its accuracy in measuring the energy density levels of electromagnetic radiation in the bands used in modern communication systems. The results showed that the highest radiation power density was recorded at 6:00 PM, with the average radiation intensity in some evening periods exceeding 2,000 µW/m². This is attributed to increased human activity during the evening hours and increased use of mobile phones during that time. In the Al-Ghadeer District, peak radiation was observed at 1:00 PM. Radiation levels reached approximately 69–91 µW/m² during peak times. The Al-Hussein District Street, which is predominantly commercial, recorded relatively lower radiation levels compared to other areas, with readings ranging between 20–55 µW/m² throughout most of the day.