Top

Published in:

2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Measuring Entrepreneurial Ecosystems

Author : Erik Stam

Published in: Entrepreneurial Ecosystems

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

How can entrepreneurial ecosystems and productive entrepreneurship be traced empirically and how is entrepreneurship related to entrepreneurial ecosystems? The analyses in this chapter show the value of taking a systems view on the context of entrepreneurship. We measure entrepreneurial ecosystem elements and use these to compose an entrepreneurial ecosystem index. Next, we measure the output of entrepreneurial ecosystems with different indicators of high-growth firms. We use the 12 provinces of the Netherlands as a test case for measuring the entrepreneurial ecosystem elements, composing an entrepreneurial ecosystem index and relate this to entrepreneurial outputs. The prevalence of high-growth firms relates to the overall value of the entrepreneurial ecosystem index, but not to individual elements of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The model fit increases once we introduce a multiplicative index and a non-linear model. By measuring entrepreneurial ecosystems and their outputs in this way we move from the ecosystem metaphor to a complex system model of the entrepreneurial economy.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

previous chapter Is There a Path from Sin City to Tech City? The Case for Las Vegas

Except on the role of leadership (see Beer and Clower 2014 for a recent discussion).

Acemoglu D, Johnson S, Robinson JA (2005) Institutions as a fundamental cause of long-run growth. In: Aghion P, Durlauf S (eds) Handbook of economic growth. Elsevier, Amsterdam

Acs ZJ, Armington C (2004) The impact of geographic differences in human capital on service firm formation rates. J Urb Econ 56(2):244–278CrossRef

Acs ZJ, Rappai G, Szerb L (2011) Index-building in a system of interdependent variables: The penalty for bottleneck. George Mason University School of Public Policy Research Paper No. 2011–2024

Acs ZJ, Autio E, Szerb L (2014) National systems of entrepreneurship: measurement issues and policy implications. Res Policy 43(3):476–494CrossRef

Annoni P, Dijkstra L (2013) EU Regional Competitiveness Index RCI 2013. European Commission, Brussels

Annoni P, Kozovska K (2010) EU Regional Competitiveness Index 2010. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Brussels

Arthur WB (2013) Complexity economics: a different framework for economic thought. Santa Fe Institute Working Paper, New Mexico

Arundel A, Smith K (2013) History of the community innovation survey. Handbook of innovation indicators and measurement, pp 60–87

Audretsch DB, Lehmann EE (2005) Does the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship hold for regions? Res Policy 34(8):1191–1202CrossRef

Baumol WJ (1993) Entrepreneurship, management and the structure of payoffs. MIT Press, London

Beer A, Clower T (2014) Mobilizing leadership in cities and regions. Reg Stud Reg Sci 1(1):5–20

Beinhocker ED (2006) The origin of wealth: evolution, complexity, and the radical remaking of economics. Harvard Business Press, Boston

Bell-Masterson J, Stangler D (2015) Measuring an entrepreneurial ecosystem. Kauffman Foundation, Kansas City

Bos JW, Stam E (2013) Gazelles and industry growth: a study of young high-growth firms in The Netherlands. Ind Corp Change 23(1):145–169CrossRef

Bosma N, Schutjens V, Stam E (2009) Entrepreneurship in European regions: implications for public policy. In: Leitao J, Baptista R (eds) Public policies for fostering entrepreneurship: A european perspective. Springer, New York, pp 59–89CrossRef

Braaksma R, Verhoeven W, Smit L, Span T (2014) Financieringsmonitor 2014-1. Onderzoek naar de financiering van het Nederlandse bedrijfsleven. Zoetermeer, Panteia

Charron N, Lapuente V, Dijkstra L (2012) Regional governance matters: a study on regional variation in quality of government within the EU. DG Regional Policy Working papers WP01/2012

Cooke P (2001) Regional innovation systems, clusters, and the knowledge economy. Ind Corp Change 10:945–974CrossRef

Criscuolo C, Gal PN, Menon C (2014) The dynamics of employment growth. OECD, Paris

Daunfeldt SO, Elert N, Johansson D (2014) The economic contribution of high-growth firms: do policy implications depend on the choice of growth indicator? J Ind Compet. Trade 14(3):337–365CrossRef

Day R (1987) The general theory of disequilibrium economics and of economic evolution. In: D. Batten, J. Casti and B. Johansson (eds), Lecture notes in economics and mathematical systems: economic evolution and structural adjustment, Springer, pp 46–63

Dijkstra L, Annoni P, Kozovska K (2011) A new regional competitiveness index: theory, methods and findings. European Union, Brussels

Fayolle A (2007) Entrepreneurship and new value creation: the dynamic of the entrepreneurial process. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

Feld B (2012) Startup communities: building an entrepreneurial ecosystem in your city. Wiley, New YorkCrossRef

FD Gazellen (2013) Financieele Dagblad. Amsterdam, FD Media Group

Fritsch M (2013) New business formation and regional development—a survey and assessment of the evidence. Found Trends Entrep 9:249–364CrossRef

Gomez T, Stam E (2017) Ondernemen in Nederland: Bedrijvendynamiek en Financiering. Utrecht University School of Economics, Utrecht

Haltiwanger J, Jarmin RS, Miranda J (2013) Who creates jobs? small versus large versus young. Rev Econ Stat 95(2):347–361CrossRef

Henrekson M, Johansson D (2010) Gazelles as job creators: a survey and interpretation of the evidence. Small Bus Econ 35(2):227–244CrossRef

Howells J (2006) Intermediation and the role of intermediaries in innovation. Res Policy 35(5):715–728CrossRef

Isenberg DJ (2010) How to start an entrepreneurial revolution. Harvard Bus Rev 88(6):41–50

Kerr WR, Nanda R (2009) Democratizing entry: banking deregulations, financing constraints, and entrepreneurship. J Financ Econ 94(1):124–149CrossRef

Lee SY, Florida R, Acs ZJ (2004) Creativity and entrepreneurship: a regional analysis of new firm formation. Reg Stud 38(8):879–891CrossRef

Martin R, Sunley P (2007) Complexity thinking and evolutionary economic geography. J Econ Geogr 7(5):573–601CrossRef

North DC (1990) Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge University Press, New YorkCrossRef

OECD (2011) Entrepreneurship at a glance 2011. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264097711-en

Ostrom E (2010) Beyond markets and states: polycentric governance of complex economic systems. Am Econ Rev 100:1–33CrossRef

Parker SC, Storey DJ, Van Witteloostuijn A (2010) What happens to gazelles? The importance of dynamic management strategy. Small Bus Econ 35(2):203–226CrossRef

Porter ME, Schwab K, Sala-i-Martin X, Lopez-Claros A (eds) (2004) The global competitiveness report 2004–2005. Palgrave Macmillan, World Economic Forum, New York

Qian H, Acs ZJ, Stough RR (2013) Regional systems of entrepreneurship: the nexus of human capital, knowledge and new firm formation. J Econ Geogr 13(4):559–587CrossRef

Schumpeter JA (1934) The theory of economic development. Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA

Snoei J, Ichou A (2010) Financiering in het MKB. Onderzoek naar de financieringsbehoefte per provincie. EIM, Zoetermeer

Spiekermann K, Wegener M (1996) Trans-European networks and unequal accessibility in Europe. Eur J Reg Dev 4:35–42

Spiekermann K, Wegener M, Copus A (2002) Review of peripherality indices and identification of’ baseline indicator: deliverable 1 of AsPIRE—aspatial peripherality, innovation, and the rural economy. S&W, IRPUD, SAC, Dortmund/Aberdeen

Spigel B (2017) The relational organization of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrep Theory Pract 41:49–72CrossRef

Stam E (2005) The geography of gazelles in the Netherlands. Tijdschr voor econ en soc geografie 96(1):121–127CrossRef

Stam E (2007) Why Butterflies don’t leave. Locational behavior of entrepreneurial firms. Economic Geography 83(1):27–50

Stam E (2010) Entrepreneurship, evolution and geography. In: The handbook of evolutionary economic geography, pp. 307–348

Stam E (2015) Entrepreneurial ecosystems and regional policy: a sympathetic critique. Eur Plan Stud 23(9):1759–1769CrossRef

Stam E, Bosma NS (2015) Local policies for high-growth firms. In: Audretsch D, Link A, Walshok A (eds) The oxford handbook of local competitiveness. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 286–305

Stam E, Spigel B (2018) Entrepreneurial ecosystems. In: Blackburn R, De Clercq D, Heinonen J (eds) The SAGE handbook of small business and entrepreneurship. SAGE, London, pp 407–422CrossRef

Stam E, Van Stel A (2011) Types of entrepreneurship and economic growth. In: Goedhuys M, Naudé W, Szirmai E (eds) Innovation, entrepreneurship and economic development. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 78–95CrossRef

Stam E, Suddle K, Hessels J, Van Stel A (2009) High-growth entrepreneurs, public policies and economic growth. In: Leitao J, Baptista R (eds) Public policies for fostering entrepreneurship: a european perspective. Springer, New York, pp 91–110CrossRef

Stam E, Hartog C, Van Stel A, Thurik R (2011) Ambitious entrepreneurship and macro-economic growth. In: Minniti M (ed) The dynamics of entrepreneurship. Evidence from the global entrepreneurship monitor data. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 231–249CrossRef

Stam E, Bosma N, Van Witteloostuijn A, De Jong J, Bogaert S, Edwards N, Jaspers F (2012) Ambitious entrepreneurship. A review of the academic literature and new directions for public policy. Advisory Council for Science and Technology Policy (AWT), The Hague

Stam E, Romme AGL, Roso M, Van den Toren JP, Van der Starre BT (2016) Knowledge triangles in the Netherlands. An entrepreneurial ecosystem approach, Report for the OECD Technology and Innovation Policy Working Group

Sternberg R (2009) Regional dimensions of entrepreneurship. Found Trends® Entrep 5(4):211–340

Szerb L, Acs ZJ (2011) The global entrepreneurship and development index methodology

Thurik R, Stam E, Audretsch D (2013) The rise of the entrepreneurial economy and the future of dynamic capitalism. Technovation 33(8–9):302–310CrossRef

Wong PK, Ho YP, Autio E (2005) Entrepreneurship, innovation and economic growth: evidence from GEM data. Small Bus Econ 24(3):335–350CrossRef

Wooldridge JM (2013) Introductory econometrics—a modern approach. South-Western Cengage Learning, 5th edn

Zhang Y, Li H (2010) Innovation search of new ventures in a technology cluster: the role of ties with service intermediaries. Strateg Manag J 31(1):88–109CrossRef

Title: Measuring Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
Author: Erik Stam
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Book: Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-63530-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-63531-6

Copyright Year: 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63531-6_9

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"