Top

Metals and Materials International

Published in:

29-02-2024

Melting Properties and Phase Composition Transformation of Ti-Bearing Electric Furnace Slags in CaO–SiO₂–MgO–Al₂O₃–50%TiO₂ System

Authors: Jianfa Jing, Yufeng Guo, Shuai Wang, Feng Chen, Lingzhi Yang, Jianfeng Yang, Fuchun Xu, Linxuan Yu

Published in: Metals and Materials International | Issue 8/2024

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

This study aims to experimentally investigate the influence of several key factors, including basicity, Al₂O₃ content, TiO₂ content, SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio, and titanium reduction, on the melting properties of electric furnace slags containing titanium in the CaO–SiO₂–MgO–Al₂O₃–50%TiO₂ system. The findings revealed that the melting temperature decreased with an increase in the CaO/SiO₂ ratio, Al₂O₃ content, and SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio, while it increased with higher TiO₂ content. To achieve a low melting temperature for the slags and an appropriate phase composition for titanium extraction, it is advisable to maintain a low CaO/SiO₂ ratio within the range of 0.6–0.7, and an Al₂O₃ content of 13% is recommended. Higher TiO₂ content is associated with elevated liquidus temperatures, while conversely, the SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio exhibits an inverse relationship. Efforts were made to limit the titanium reduction during smelting to a maximum of 0.4. Anosovite (MgTi₂O₅), CaAl₂Si₂O₈, Mg(Al, Ti)₂O₄, spinel (MgAl₂O₄), augite (Ca(Mg, Fe, Al) (Al, Si)₂O₆) and Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₃ were the primary phases in titanium slag. The calculated viscosity results align with the trends observed in the melting property results. Furthermore, the liquidus temperatures were obtained through FactSage aligns with the pattern observed in the melting temperature. These findings will serve as a valuable technical foundation to support the development of the direct reduction smelting process for the comprehensive utilization of vanadium titanomagnetite.

Graphical Abstract

next article Effect of Al Content on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the fcc and bcc Phases of AlxCoCrFeNi High Entropy Alloys

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

S. Wang, Y.F. Guo, T. Jiang, F. Chen, F.Q. Zheng, M.J. Tang, L.Z. Yang, G.Z. Qiu, Appropriate titanium slag composition during smelting of vanadium titanomagnetite metallized pellets. Trans. Nonferr. Metal. Soc. 28, 2528–2537 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(18)64899-XCrossRef

J.F. Jing, S. Wang, Y.F. Guo, G. Li, F. Chen, L.Z. Yang, Phase equilibria of Ti-bearing electric furnace slags in the CaO–MgO–SiO₂–13%Al₂O₃–50%TiO₂ system. JOM 75, 5160–5166 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-023-06078-wCrossRef

Y.F. Guo, K. Liu, F. Chen, S. Wang, L.Z. Yang, D.Y. Li, Y. Zheng, Effect of high-pressure grinding rolls pretreatment on the preparation of vanadium-titanium magnetite pellets. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 23, 2479–2490 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.01.125CrossRef

J.F. Jing, S. Wang, Y.F. Guo, F. Chen, L.Z. Yang, G.Z. Qiu, An experimental study on the phase equilibria of the CaO–MgO–SiO₂–13%Al₂O₃–50%TiO₂ system in air at 1450 °C. Calphad 83, 102619 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2023.102619CrossRef

Y. Han, S.M. Kim, B. Go, S. Lee, S. Park, H.S. Jeon, Optimized magnetic separation for efficient recovery of V and Ti enriched concentrates from vanadium–titanium magnetite ore: effect of grinding and magnetic intensity. Powder Technol. 391, 282–291 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2021.06.024CrossRef

S. Wang, M. Chen, Y.F. Guo, T. Jiang, B.J. Zhao, Comparison of phase equilibria between FactSage predictions and experimental results in titanium oxide-containing system. Calphad 63, 77–81 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2018.09.001CrossRef

B.B. Liu, Q.Q. Chu, Y.F. Huang, G.H. Han, H. Sun, L. Zhang, Preparation and characterization of electromagnetic wave absorbing material from polymetallic vanadium titano-magnetite (VTM): oriented phase transformation underlying formation mechanism. Ceram. Int. 49, 10914–10927 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.11.285CrossRef

W.D. Tang, S.T. Yang, L.H. Zhang, Z. Huang, H. Yang, X.X. Xue, Effects of basicity and temperature on mineralogy and reduction behaviors of high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite sinters. J. Cent. South Univ. 26, 132–145 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-019-3988-8CrossRef

D. Killick, D. Miller, Smelting of magnetite and magnetite–ilmenite iron ores in the northern Lowveld, South Africa, ca. 1000 CE to ca. 1880 CE. J. Archaeol. Sci. 43, 239–255 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.12.016CrossRef

10.

Y. Shi, D.Q. Zhu, J. Pan, Z.Q. Guo, S.H. Lu, Y.X. Xue, Investigation into the coal-based direct reduction behaviors of various vanadium titanomagnetite pellets. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 19, 243–262 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.04.146CrossRef

11.

G.M. Zhang, K.Q. Feng, H.F. Yue, Theoretical analyses and experimental investigations of selective carbothermal reactions of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrates for preparation of iron-based wear-resistant material. JOM 68, 2525–2532 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-016-2035-6CrossRef

12.

G.X. Qiu, D.J. Miao, X.L. Wei, C. Bai, X.M. Li, Effect of MgO/Al₂O₃ and CaO/SiO₂ on the metallurgical properties of CaO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃–MgO–TiO₂ slag. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 585, 121545 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2022.121545CrossRef

13.

J. Ma, W. Li, G.Q. Fu, M.Y. Zhu, Viscous flow behaviors of Cr-bearing high-titanium melting slag with different MgO contents. Steel Res. Int. 7, 2000025 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202000025CrossRef

14.

M. Jing, G.Q. Fu, W. Li, M.Y. Zhu, Influence of TiO₂ on the melting property and viscosity of Cr-containing high-Ti melting slag. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater. 27, 310–318 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-019-1914-6CrossRef

15.

M. Jing, W. Li, G.Q. Fu, M.Y. Zhu, Effect of B₂O₃ on the melting temperature and viscosity of CaO–SiO₂–MgO–Al₂O₃–TiO₂–Cr₂O₃ slag. J. Sustain. Metall. 7, 1190–1199 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-021-00413-8CrossRef

16.

X.M. Zhang, Z.W. Yan, Z.Y. Deng, M.Y. Zhu, Effect of TiO₂ addition on the melting behaviors of CaO–SiO₂–30%Al₂O₃–5%MgO system refining slags. Metals 13, 431 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/met13020431CrossRef

17.

B.J. Zhao, J. Eugene, H. Peter, Fundamental studies in ironmaking slags to lower operating temperatures and to recover titania from slag. J. Iron. Steel Res. Int. 16, 1172–1178 (2009)

18.

B.J. Zhao, M. Chen, W.D. Zhang, Z.X. Zhao, T. Evans, Effects of minor elements to the liquidus temperatures of blast furnace slags. ISIJ Int. 56, 2156–2160 (2016). https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2016-268CrossRef

19.

J.J. Shi, L.F. Sun, J.Y. Qiu, Z.Y. Wang, B. Zhang, M.F. Jiang, Experimental determination of the phase diagram for CaO–SiO₂–MgO–10%Al₂O₃–5%TiO₂ system. ISIJ Int. 7, 1124–1131 (2016). https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2016-045CrossRef

20.

J.J. Shi, L.F. Sun, B. Zhang, X.Q. Liu, J.Y. Qiu, Z.Y. Wang, M.F. Jiang, Experimental determination of the phase diagram of the CaO–SiO₂–5 pct MgO–10 pct Al₂O₃–TiO₂ system. Metall. Mater. Trans. B 47, 425–433 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-015-0527-3CrossRef

21.

H.B. Ma, K.X. Jiao, J.L. Zhang, Y.B. Zong, J. Zhang, S. Meng, Viscosity of CaO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–TiO₂–FeO slag with varying TiO₂ content: the effect of crystallization on viscosity abrupt behavior. Ceram. Int. 12, 17445–17454 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.03.061CrossRef

22.

C. Feng, L.H. Gao, J. Tang, Z.G. Liu, M.S. Chu, Effects of MgO/Al₂O₃ ratio on viscous behaviors and structures of MgO-Al₂O₃-TiO₂-CaO-SiO₂ slag systems with high TiO₂ content and low CaO/SiO₂ ratio. Trans. Nonferr. Metal. Soc. 3, 800–811 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(20)65255-4CrossRef

23.

S. Wang, Y.F. Guo, T. Jiang, F. Chen, F.Q. Zheng, L.Z. Yang, Melting behavior of titanium-bearing electric furnace slag for effective smelting of vanadium titanomagnetite. JOM 71, 1858–1865 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-018-2983-0CrossRef

24.

Z.J. Wang, Z.H. Li, M. Zhong, Z.S. Li, C. Wang, Elucidating the effect of Al₂O₃/SiO₂ mass ratio upon SiO₂–MnO–CaF₂–Al₂O₃-based welding fluxes: Structural analysis and thermodynamic evaluation. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 601, 122071 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2022.122071CrossRef

25.

H. Li, Z.Y. Yin, L.B. Deng, S. Wang, Z. Fu, Y.H. Ma, Effect of SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio on the structure and electrical properties of MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ glass-ceramics doped with TiO₂. Mater. Chem. Phys. 256, 123653 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123653CrossRef

26.

X.B. Wan, J.J. Shi, L. Klemettinen, M. Chen, P. Taskinen, A. Jokilaakso, Equilibrium phase relations of CaO–SiO₂–TiO₂ system at 1400 °C and oxygen partial pressure of 10–10 atm. J. Alloys Compd. 847, 156472 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156472CrossRef

27.

R. Roscoe, The viscosity of suspensions of rigid spheres. Br. J. Appl. Phys. 3, 267–269 (1952)CrossRef

28.

Z. Wang, H.Y. Sun, L. Zhang, Q.S. Zhu, Phase equilibria in the TiO₂ rich part of the TiO₂–CaO–SiO₂–10 wt%Al₂O₃ system at 1773 K and 1873 K. J. Alloys Compd. 671, 137–143 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.02.044CrossRef

29.

B.J. Zhao, E. Jak, P. Hayes, Phase equilibria in the system TiO_x–CaO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ at carbon saturation, in Proceedings of the ICSTI 2006, Osaka, 26-30 November, 2006 (ICSTI, the International Council for Scientific and Technical Information, 2011). http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:177093

Title: Melting Properties and Phase Composition Transformation of Ti-Bearing Electric Furnace Slags in CaO–SiO2–MgO–Al2O3–50%TiO2 System
Authors: Jianfa Jing
Yufeng Guo
Shuai Wang
Feng Chen
Lingzhi Yang
Jianfeng Yang
Fuchun Xu
Linxuan Yu
Publication date: 29-02-2024
Publisher: The Korean Institute of Metals and Materials
Published in: Metals and Materials International / Issue 8/2024
Print ISSN: 1598-9623
Electronic ISSN: 2005-4149
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-024-01630-y

Springer Professional

Abstract

Graphical Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 8/2024

Synergetic Effect of Sc Micro-alloying and Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Casting in 7A36 Aluminum Alloy with Enhanced Mechanical and Corrosion Properties

Effects of Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Processing on the Surface Properties of 4Cr13 Stainless Steel

Effect of Solidification Cooling Rates and Subsequent Homogenization Treatment on Mn–Cr–Mo Element Segregation in Oil Casing Steels

Enhanced Interfacial Joining Strength of Mg/Ti Bimetal Casting via 3D-Printed Ti-Based Lattice Material

Effect of Al Content on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the fcc and bcc Phases of AlxCoCrFeNi High Entropy Alloys

Influence of Patterns on Mechanical Properties of Ultrasonically Welded Joints in Copper Substrate and Wire