Abstract
Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalized with hydrosoluble ligands have emerged as versatile tools in various fields, including catalysis and biomedical applications, among others. This chapter explores recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, and applications of water-soluble MNPs stabilized by diverse ligands. The significance of working with water is emphasized, driven by the imperative for environmentally friendly and sustainable chemistry. To address the challenge of achieving solubility and stability in aqueous environments for MNPs, a range of hydrosoluble ligands have been explored. These ligands, including carboxylic acids, polymers, surfactants, thiols, phosphines, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, proteins, peptides, and bio-extracts, play crucial roles in conferring water solubility, mitigating aggregation and enhancing the catalytic properties of MNPs. The chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis methods, structural characterization techniques, and applications of water-soluble MNPs across various metal species, including Au, Ru, Pd, Pt, Ag, Rh, Fe, and Cu. Applications of water-soluble MNPs discussed in this chapter encompass mainly catalytic processes and biomedical applications including imaging. The unique properties of MNPs functionalized with hydrosoluble ligands offer opportunities for tailored applications with enhanced selectivity, activity, and biocompatibility.