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2019 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Methodische Herausforderungen in der Karriere- und Laufbahnforschung

Authors : Katja Dlouhy, Torsten Biemann

Published in: Handbuch Karriere und Laufbahnmanagement

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Zusammenfassung

In der Karriere- und Laufbahnforschung stehen Forscher oftmals vor besonderen methodischen Herausforderungen. Dazu zählen vor allem der Umgang mit nominalen Beschäftigungsdaten und die Notwendigkeit, Daten aus relativ langen Zeiträumen zu erheben. Für viele Forschungsfragen sind nicht nur einzelne berufliche Stationen, sondern die gesamte berufliche Laufbahn oder Karriere von Interesse. Neben Analysemethoden für intervallskalierte oder metrische Daten sind vor allem Methoden zur Auswertung nominalskalierter Daten wichtig, da Informationen zu hierarchischen Positionen oder Stationen in der beruflichen Laufbahn am häufigsten in Kategorien erfasst werden. In diesem Kapitel stellen wir deshalb insbesondere Untersuchungsdesigns und Analyseverfahren näher vor, die speziell im Forschungsbereich zu Karrieren und beruflichen Laufbahnen Verwendung finden.
Zunächst gehen wir auf mögliche Untersuchungsdesigns ein und erläutern einige Möglichkeiten, längsschnittliche Daten zu generieren, wie zum Beispiel retrospektive Interviews oder den Zugriff auf bestehende Panelstudien. Danach wird kurz die Verwendung qualitativer Methoden in der Karriere- und Laufbahnforschung diskutiert. Bei diesen gibt es jedoch wenige Unterschiede zu anderen Forschungsbereichen. Die größte Herausforderung liegt in der Analyse quantitativer Laufbahndaten. Eine Möglichkeit ist die Anwendung von Markov-Ketten, mit welchen einfache Karriere- und Laufbahnentwicklungen erfasst werden können. Mit diesen lassen sich jedoch jeweils nur Übergangswahrscheinlichkeiten abbilden, beispielsweise zwischen verschiedenen hierarchischen Positionen oder beruflichen Status.
Anschließend gehen wir näher auf die Optimal Matching Analyse als wichtigstes Verfahren zur Sequenzdatenanalyse in der Laufbahnforschung ein. Mit dieser Methode kann man Sequenzen analysieren, welche aus räumlich oder zeitlich aneinandergereihten, nominalen Elementen bestehen. Ein Beispiel hierfür wäre eine Aneinanderreihung beruflicher oder hierarchischer Positionen über einen Zeitraum von fünfzehn Jahren. Bei dieser Analysemethode werden Laufbahnsequenzen als Ganzes betrachtet und analysiert, und nicht nur Positionen zu einzelnen Zeitpunkten. Hat man bestimmte Karrieremuster oder Beschäftigungsmuster in beruflichen Laufbahnen ermittelt, können in einem nächsten Schritt Zusammenhänge zwischen der Zugehörigkeit zu einem Laufbahn- oder Beschäftigungsmuster und Faktoren wie Karriereerfolg, Bildungsgrad oder Alter erforscht werden.

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Metadata
Title
Methodische Herausforderungen in der Karriere- und Laufbahnforschung
Authors
Katja Dlouhy
Torsten Biemann
Copyright Year
2019
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48750-1_40