Methodology: Participatory Action Research via Industry-Academia Collaboration

Both suppliers and users of social science data are dissatisfied with their counterparty. Suppliers are not satisfied because the created knowledge is not taken as a lesson, whereas users are not satisfied with unheard-of needs (Lindblom & Cohen, 1979). The social science research based on real phenomena in general management studies has always been a lonely academic journey, while industry-based research can create useful knowledge for practitioners with value creation. For example, more and more reflections of business school scholars were originally intended to find more real-case solutions in order to fulfill the needs of societies since the 2008 financial crisis and several social events (e.g., Occupy Wall Street). Instead of profit maximization, some scholars distinguish themselves by incorporating strategy with CSR and social value (Porter & Kramer, 2011). However, though a number of scholars suggested filling the gap between academic theories and industry practices (e.g., Antonacopoulou, 2010; Antonacopoulou, Dehlin, & Zundel, 2011), how to implement it during the course of academic research is still not sufficiently discussed.