Top

Published in:

2020 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

5. Methods of Detecting Hardware Trojans in Microcircuits

Authors : Anatoly Belous, Vitali Saladukha

Published in: Viruses, Hardware and Software Trojans

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

In previous section, we performed a detailed examination of classification of Trojans in microcircuits, their design principles, functioning mechanisms, and masking methods. This chapter is dedicated to identification of the most effective means to identify hardware Trojans in microcircuits.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

previous chapter Hardware Trojans in Microcircuits

next chapter Reverse Engineering of Microcircuits

C. Krieg, E. Weippl, Malware in Hardware Infrastructure Components. SBA Research, Favoritenstrasse 16, 1040, Vienna {ckrieg, eweippl}@sba- research.org

S. Adee, The hunt for the kill switch. Spectrum IEEE 45(5), 34–39 (2008). ISSN 0018-9235, https://doi.org/10.1109/mspec.2008.4505310

D. Agrawal, S. Baktir, D. Karakoyunlu, P Rohatgi, B. Sunar, Trojan Detection using IC Fingerprinting, in IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, 2007. SP ’07 (2007), pp. 296–310, https://doi.org/10.1109/sp.2007.36

S.S. Ali, R.S. Chakraborty, D. Mukhopadhyay, S. Bhunia, Multi-level attacks: an emerging security concern for cryptographic hardware, in Proceedings of Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE) (2011), pp. 1–4, http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5763307

M.S. Anderson, C.J.G. North, K.K. Yiu, Towards Countering the Rise of the Silicon Trojan. Technical Report 12 (2008). 20PR.pdf

R.J. Anderson, Security Engineering: A Guide to Building Dependable Distributed Systems, 1st edn. (Wiley, New York, NY, USA, 2001). ISBN 0471389226. http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/Papers/SE-14.pdf

M. Banga, M.S. Hsiao, Trusted RTL: trojan detection methodology in pre-silicon designs, in Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust (HOST) (2010), pp. 56–59, https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2010.5513114

M. Banga, M.S. Hsiao, A region based approach for the identiftcation of hardware Trojans, in IEEE International Workshop on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust, 2008. HOST 2008 (2008), pp. 40–47, https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2008.4559047

M. Banga, M.S. Hsiao, VITAMIN: voltage inversion technique to ascertain malicious insertions in ICs, IEEE International Workshop on in Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust, 2009. HOST ’09 (2009), pp. 104–107, https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2009.5224960

10.

M. Banga, M.S. Hsiao, A novel sustained vector technique for the detection of hardware Trojans, in 22nd International Conference on VLSI Design (2009), pp. 327–332, https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsi.design.2009.22

11.

M. Banga, Partition based approaches for the isolation and detection of embedded Trojans in ICs. Master’s thesis, Faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 09 2008, http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09042008-155719/unrestricted/MS_Thesis_Mainak.pdf

12.

M. Banga, M. Chandrasekar, L. Fang, M.S. Hsiao, Guided test generation for isolation and detection of embedded Trojans in ICs, in GLSVLSI ’08: Proceedings of the 18th ACM Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI. New York, NY, USA (ACM, 2008), pp. 363–366. ISBN 978-1-59593-999-9. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1366110.1366196

13.

A. Baumgarten, M. Steffen, M. Clausman, J. Zambreno, A case study in hardware Trojan design and implementation. Int. J. Inf. Secur. 10, 1–14. ISSN 1615-5262, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10207-010-0115-0

14.

G. Bloom, R. Simha, B. Narahari, OS support for detecting Trojan circuit attacks, in IEEE International Workshop on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust, 2009. HOST ’09 (2009), pp. 100–103, https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2009.5224959

15.

R. Chakraborty, F. Wolff, S. Paul, C. Papachristou, S. Bhunia, MERO: a statistical approach for hardware trojan detection, in Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems—CHES, ed. by C. Clavier, K. Gaj. Volume 5747 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, 2009), pp. 396–410, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04138-9_28

16.

R.S. Chakraborty, S. Paul, S. Bhunia, On-demand transparency for improving hardware Trojan detectability, in IEEE International Workshop on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust, 2008. HOST 2008 (2008), pp. 48–50, https://doi.org/10.1109/HST2008.4559048

17.

Z. Chen, X. Guo, A. Nagesh, M. Reddy, A. Maiti, Hardware Trojan Designs on BASYS FPGA Board (2008), http://filebox.vt.edu/users/xuguo/homepage/publications/csaw08.pdf

18.

DARPA, Trust in Integrated circuits (TIC) (2007), http://www.darpa.mil/MTO/solicitations/baa07-24/index.html

19.

A. Das, G. Memik, J. Zambreno, A. Choudhary, Detecting/preventing information leakage on the memory bus due to malicious hardware, in Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE) 2010 (2010), pp. 861–866, http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1871135

20.

Defense Science Board, Department of Defense, U.S.A. High Performance Microchip supply, http://www.cra.org/govaffairs/images/2005-02-HPMS_Report_Final.pdf, 02 2005

21.

D. Du, S. Narasimhan, R. Chakraborty, S. Bhunia, Self-referencing: a scalable side-channel approach for hardware Trojan detection, in Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, CHES 2010, ed. by S. Mangard, F.-X. Standaert. Volume 6225 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, 2010), pp. 173–187, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15031-9_12

22.

M. Hicks, M. Finnicum, S.T. King, M.M.K. Martin, J.M. Smith, Overcoming an untrusted computing base: detecting and removing malicious hardware automatically, in 2010 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP) (2010), pp. 159–172, https://doi.org/10.1109/sp.2010.18

23.

S. Jha, S.K. Jha, Randomization based probabilistic approach to detect Trojan circuits, in High Assurance Systems Engineering Symposium, 2008. HASE 2008. 11th IEEE (2008), pp. 117–124, https://doi.org/10.1109/hase.2008.37

24.

Y. Jin, Y. Makris, Hardware Trojans in wireless cryptographic ICs. Des. Test Comput. IEEE 27(1), 26–35 (2010). ISSN 0740-7475. https://doi.org/10.1109/mdt.2010.21

25.

Y. Jin, Y. Makris, Hardware Trojan detection using path delay ftngerprint, in IEEE International Workshop on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust, 2008. HOST 2008 (2008), pp. 51–57, https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2008.4559049

26.

C.H. Kim, J.-J. Quisquater, Faults, injection methods and fault attacks. IEEE Des. Test Comput. 24(6), 544–545 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1109/MDT.2007.186CrossRef

27.

L.-W Kim, J.D. Villasenor, C.K. Koc, A Trojan-resistant system-on-chip bus architecture, in Military Communications Conference, 2009. MILCOM 2009 IEEE (2009), pp. 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom.2009.5379966

28.

S.T. King, J. Tucek, A. Cozzie, C. Grier, W. Jiang, Y, Zhou, Designing and implementing malicious hardware, in LEET’08: Proceedings of the 1st Usenix Workshop on Large-Scale Exploits and Emergent Threats (Berkeley, CA, USA, 2008), pp. 1–8. USENIX Association, http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1387709.1387714

29.

F. Koushanfar, A. Mirhoseini, A unified framework for multimodal submodular integrated circuits Trojan detection. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 6(1), 162–174 (2011), https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2010.2096811

30.

F. Koushanfar, A. Mirhoseini, Y.A. Alkabani, A unifted submodular framework for multimodal IC Trojan detection, in Information Hiding, ed. by R. Boohme, P. Fong, R. Safavi-Naini. Volume 6387 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, 2010), pp. 17–32, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16435-42

31.

C. Lamech, R. Rad, M. Tehrani, J. Plusquellic, An experimental analysis of power and delay signal-to-noise requirements for detecting Trojans and methods for achieving the required detection sensitivities. Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. (99) (2011), https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2011.2136339. Early Access

32.

J. Li, J. Lach, At-speed delay characterization for IC authentication and Trojan horse detection, in IEEE International Workshop on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust, 2008. HOST 2008 (2008), pp. 8–14, https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2008.4559038

33.

L. Lin, W. Burleson, C. Paar, MOLES: malicious off-chip leakage enabled by side-channels, in IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design—Digest of Technical Papers, 2009. ICCAD 2009 (2009), pp. 117–122. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_alljsp?arnumber=5361303

34.

L. Lin, M. Kasper, T.G. Neysu, C. Paar, W Burleson, Trojan side-channels: lightweight hardware trojans through side-channel engineering, in Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded System—CHES 2009, ed. by C. Clavier, K. Gaj. Volume 5747 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, 2009), pp. 382–395, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04138-9_27

35.

D. Mclntyre, F. Wolff, C. Papachristou, S. Bhunia, D. Weyer, Dynamic evaluation of hardware trust, in IEEE International Workshop on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust, 2009. HOST ’09 (2009), pp. 108–111, https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2009.5224990

36.

S. Narasimhan, D. Du, R.S. Chakraborty, S. Paul, F. Wolff, C. Papachristou, K. Roy, S. Bhunia, Multiple-parameter side-channel analysis: a non-invasive hardware Trojan detection approach, in 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust (HOST) (2010), pp. 13–18, https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2010.5513122

37.

M. Nelson, A. Nahapetian, F. Koushanfar, M. Potkonjak, SVD-based ghost circuitry detection, in Information Hiding, ed. by S. Katzenbeisser, A.-R. Sadeghi. Volume 5806 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, 2009), pp. 221–234, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04431-1_16

38.

M. Potkonjak, A. Nahapetian, M. Nelson, T. Massey, Hardware Trojan horse detection using gate-level characterization, in DAC ’09: Proceedings of the 46th Annual Design Automation Conference, New York, NY, USA, 2009 (ACM, 2009), pp. 688–693. ISBN 978-160558-497-3. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1629911.1630091

39.

R. Rad, J. Plusquellic, M. Tehranipoor, Sensitivity analysis to hardware Trojans using power supply transient signals, in IEEE International Workshop on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust, 2008. HOST 2008 (2008), pp. 3–7, https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2008.4559037

40.

R. Rad, J. Plusquellic, M. Tehranipoor, A sensitivity analysis of power signal methods for detecting hardware Trojans under real process and environmental conditions. IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst. 18(12), 1735–1744 (2010). ISSN 1063-8210. https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2009.2029117

41.

R.M. Rad, X. Wang, M. Tehranipoor, J. Plusquellic, Power supply signal calibration techniques for improving detection resolution to hardware Trojans, IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, 2008. ICCAD 2008 (2008), pp. 632–639, https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad.2008.4681643

42.

J.A. Roy, F. Koushanfar, I.L. Markov, Extended abstract: circuit CAD tools as a security threat, in Proceedings of IEEE International Workshop on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust HOST 2008 (2008), pp. 65–66, https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2008.4559052

43.

H. Salmani, M. Tehranipoor, J. Plusquellic, New design strategy for improving hardware Trojan detection and reducing Trojan activation time, in IEEE International Workshop on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust, 2009. HOST ’09 (2009), pp. 66–73, https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2009.5224968

44.

H. Salmani, M. Tehranipoor, J. Plusquellic, A layout-aware approach for improving localized switching to detect hardware Trojans in integrated circuits, in Proceedings of IEEE Int Information Forensics and Security (WIFS) Workshop (2010), pp. 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1109/wifs.20https://doi.org/10.5711438

45.

H. Salmani, M. Tehranipoor, J. Plusquellic, A novel technique for improving hardware Trojan detection and reducing trojan activation time. (99) (2011), https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.20https://doi.org/10.2093547. Early Access

46.

A. Waksman, S. Sethumadhavan, Tamper evident microprocessors, in SP ’10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (2010), pp. 173–188, https://doi.org/10.1109/sp2010.19

47.

A. Waksman, S. Sethumadhavan, Silencing hardware backdoors, in Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP) (2011), pp. 49–63, https://doi.org/10.1109/sp2011.27, http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~simha/preprint_oakland11.pdf

48.

X. Wang, H. Salmani, M. Tehranipoor, J. Plusquellic, Hardware Trojan detection and isolation using current integration and localized current analysis, in IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance of VLSI Systems, 2008. DFTVS ’08 (2008), pp. 87–95, https://doi.org/10.1109/dft.2008.61

49.

S. Wei, M. Potkonjak, Scalable segmentation-based malicious circuitry detection and diagnosis, in Proceedings (2010), pp. 483–486, https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad.2010.5653770

50.

S. Wei, S. Meguerdichian, M. Potkonjak, Gate-level characterization: foundations and hardware security applications, in Proceedings of 47th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC) (2010), pp. 222–227, http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx5/5510861/5522347/05522644.pdf?tp=&arnumber=5522644&isnumber=5522347

51.

F. Wolff, C. Papachristou, S. Bhunia, R.S. Chakraborty, Towards Trojan-free trusted ICs: problem analysis and detection scheme, in Design, Automation and Test in Europe, 2008. DATE ’08 (2008), pp. 1362–1365, https://doi.org/10.1109/date.2008.4484928

52.

X. Zhang, M. Tehranipoor, RON: an on-chip ring oscillator network for hardware Trojan detection, in Proceedings of Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conf. & Exhibition (DATE) (2011), pp. 1–6, http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stampjsp?tp=&arnumber=5763260

53.

Aerospace Industries Association of America, Counterfeit parts: increasing awareness and developing countermeasures (2011), http://www.aiaaerospace.org/assets/counterfeit-web11.pdf

54.

R. Torrance, D. James, The state-of-the-art in semiconductor reverse engineering, in Design Automation Conference—DAC 2011, ed. by L. Stok, N.D. Dutt, S. Hassoun (ACM, 2011), pp. 333–338

55.

C. Bao, D. Forte, A. Srivastava, On application of one-class SVM to reverse engineering-based hardware trojan detection, in International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design—ISQED 2014 (IEEE, 2014), pp. 47–54

56.

R.S. Chakraborty, F.G. Wolff, S. Paul, C.A. Papachristou, S. Bhunia, MERO: a statistical approach for hardware trojan detection, in Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems—CHES 2009, ed. by C. Clavier, K. Gaj, ser. LNCS, vol. 5747 (Springer, 2009), pp. 396–410

57.

D. Du, S. Narasimhan, R.S. Chakraborty, S. Bhunia, Selfreferencing: a scalable side-channel approach for hardware trojan detection, in Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems—CHES 2010, ed. by S. Mangard, F. Standaert, ser. LNCS, vol. 6225 (Springer, 2010), pp. 173–187

Title: Methods of Detecting Hardware Trojans in Microcircuits
Authors: Anatoly Belous
Vitali Saladukha
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Book: Viruses, Hardware and Software Trojans
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-47217-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-47218-4

Copyright Year: 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47218-4_5

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"