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2019 | Book

Mexican Banks and Foreign Finance

From Internationalization to Financial Crisis, 1973–1982

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About this book

This book is one of the first historical revisions of the Latin American debt crisis of 1982, exploring recently disclosed archival sources for a number of creditor and debtor institutions. It fills a gap on the national and international historiography on international finance in the 1970s and the Latin American debt crisis of the 1980s. The domestic banking approach in revisiting the 1982 financial crisis is a main distinction of this work and the consequences of the involvement of Mexican banks in international finance a major contribution to the literature.

Beyond its thoroughly international approach, the book addresses a broad array of disciplines: financial history, political economy, international relations and business history. While the focus is on financial crisis, its implications extend to current regulatory and financial policy relative to crisis and non-crisis matters. In addition to providing a template for understanding other instances of financial crisis, the book points the way to research in a wide range of additional questions. These include the economic role of foreign capital, the transmission of financial crisis, and the decision criteria of states during crises. It also offers a strong example of the importance of politics in resolving economic problems. Because of this, the book will be of interest to historians, economists and political scientists.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Euromarkets and Debt Crisis
Abstract
Foreign bank lending was a defining feature of the credit boom leading to the Mexican and Latin American debt crisis of 1982. Although largely dominated by financial institutions from industrial countries, commercial banks from debtor countries were also engaged with international finance and sovereign lending in the decade preceding the crisis. This chapter examines the presence and the activities of Latin American banks in the Euromarkets and their involvement in the petrodollar recycling process. The major banking institutions of the region were crucially entangled with the external indebtedness process of their home countries and became exposed to the crisis afterward.
Sebastian Alvarez
Chapter 2. Mexican Banks Go Abroad
Abstract
Like their counterparts in advanced industrial countries, leading Mexican banks increasingly expanded their international financial activities during the 1970s. Between 1972 and 1974, the three largest banks of the country participated in the creation of London-based consortium banks, giving the first step into the Euromarkets. This chapter explores these early years in the international expansion of Mexican banks with special focus on the domestic and external factors underpinning their decision to go abroad. As partners of the consortium, Mexican banks learned a great deal about international finance and sovereign lending and gained experience for more direct involvement afterward.
Sebastian Alvarez
Chapter 3. Deeper into Foreign Finance
Abstract
After a first experience with banking consortiums, leading Mexican banks gave a further step into foreign finance by opening agencies and branches in major international financial centers. By 1982, the six largest financial institutions of the nation had a direct foot in New York or London and were operating in the Euromarkets on their own. This chapter analyzes this second phase of internationalization, the conditions under which it occurred and its role in the economic and banking development of the country. Mexican banks became a central part of the external indebtedness process and contributed to the creation of the crisis.
Sebastian Alvarez
Chapter 4. The Condition of Mexican Banking
Abstract
In 1977, after half a decade of contracting participation in the domestic economy, the Mexican banking sector started to recover and by 1982 it had regained the presence lost in the previous years. Access to international capital by the country’s leading banks played an important role in this process, but it introduced new risks and vulnerabilities. This chapter analyzes how the financial condition of the banking system deteriorated during this period in connection with major banks’ increasing involvement with foreign finance. International banks had a weaker funding structure and financial position than bank that operated only in the domestic market.
Sebastian Alvarez
Chapter 5. International Business Risks
Abstract
The presence of Mexican banks in the major world financial centers allowed them to access the massive international interbank market and engaged in Euromarket operations. Through their agencies and branches overseas, parent banks had a direct dollar-based funding channel and could raise wholesale liquidity to expand international activities, namely sovereign lending. This chapter analyzes the business model behind the Euromarket operations of Mexican banks and the asset–liabilities mismanagement they incurred. Serious maturity, interest rate and cross-border currency mismatches accumulated in their books, which were further aggravated in the wake of the crisis, compromising the banks’ liquidity and solvency position.
Sebastian Alvarez
Chapter 6. Banks and Debt Negotiations
Abstract
The exposure of industrial countries’ banks to Mexico and Latin America was a salient feature, and a major challenge, of the international debt crisis of 1982. Less known, however, is the fact that the domestic banking sector of some debtor countries involved in foreign finance was also affected by the outbreak of the crisis. This chapter analyzes the exposure of Mexican banks to its own country debt problems and the role played by interbank debt in the negotiating and rescheduling process. The dependence of the Mexican government on foreign capital to secure domestic banking stability undermined its international negotiating position.
Sebastian Alvarez
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
Mexican Banks and Foreign Finance
Author
Dr. Sebastian Alvarez
Copyright Year
2019
Electronic ISBN
978-3-030-15440-0
Print ISBN
978-3-030-15439-4
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15440-0