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2021 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Migration Policy in Eastern Europe: The Case of Poland and Hungary

Author : Ewa Rokicka

Published in: Immigration Policy and Crisis in the Regional Context

Publisher: Springer Singapore

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Abstract

This article is an attempt to answer the question of in what spheres the migration policy of the Eastern part of the EU, and more specifically Poland and Hungary, are in conflict with the policy of Western Europe. Based on empirical research conducted in Poland and Hungary, as well as on analysis of newspaper publications, this article discusses Hungarian and Polish migration policies towards refugees, Muslims and asylum seekers. Against a background of “migration crisis” events, the article analyses how the Hungarian and Polish governments responded to the influx of refugees and points to the reasons and consequences of such a reaction.

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previous chapter The German Parties’ Reaction to the 2015 Refugee Crisis—A Long-Term Analysis of Party Positioning Dynamics
next chapter Immigration Policy Formation in New EU Member States: The Case of Estonia
Footnotes
2
The Visegrad Group (V4) is an informal, regional form of cooperation between four Central European countries—Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary.
 
6
The largest decline occurred on the cross-Mediterranean route from Libya to Italy. The number of irregular migrants crossing the Central Mediterranean in March fell by 88%. Half of the illegal migration cases last month took place in the Eastern Mediterranean, i.e. on the route that leads through Turkey to Greece. However, even there the number of migrants fell by 38% from February to around 2300, despite the spike in detections early in the month.
 
7
Like the EU, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) have officially suspended their refugee reception programs. https://www.unhcr.org/desperatejourneys/?fbclid=IwAR1j3aQ85xlBauA2eiq8e-YIT4VbeShizwetI-vCq9TlfEpskXXMub8xVgc#.
 
8
The situation of Ireland, which is outside Schengen but applies part of its acquis, is different from other EU countries due to the common travel area with Great Britain. Both countries had to agree to introduce restrictions.
 
9
These are: Austria, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Poland, Lithuania, Germany, Estonia, Portugal, Spain, Finland and Belgium and two associated countries: Switzerland and Norway.
 
10
In addition to 22 EU countries, the Schengen area also includes four non-EU countries: Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
 
11
The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 123 years. The partitions were carried out by the Habsburg Monarchy, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Russian Empire, which divided up the Commonwealth lands among themselves progressively in the process of territorial seizures and annexations. Encyclopedia Britannica online 2008.
 
12
Currently, the five countries with the largest Polish communities are: 1. United States (with approximately 10,600,000 people). The largest concentration, in Chicago, is about 1.5 million. New York comes second (700,000), followed by Detroit (400,000). 2. Germany (about 2,100,000 people). The main clusters are those in former West Germany (especially from old emigration and the 1980s). 3. Brazil (approximately 1,900,000 people). 4. France (approximately 1,000,000 people). 5. Canada (approximately 1,000,000 people). In connection with the events of recent history, many Poles also live in Lithuania (Vilnius), Belarus (Grodno) and Ukraine (Lviv). http://​archiwum.​wspolnotapolska.​org.​pl/​?​id=​pwko00.
 
35
Bauman emphasizes that separation policy is a short-term solution and sooner or later Europe will have to find a new way for multicultural and multinational societies to coexist.
 
Literature
Adamczyk, N. (2018b). Czy przyjmować uchodźców? Opinie i postawy Polaków wobec relokacji nielegalnych imigrantów na terytorium Rzeczypospolitej. In: B. Molo, (Ed.), Migracja i uchodźstwo wyzwaniem dla bezpieczeństwa i współpracy międzynarodowej w XXI wieku (pp. 121–140). Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, Kraków. https://​hdl.​handle.​net/​11315/​18969.
Goździak E. M., & Márton, P. (2018). Where the wild things are: Fear of Islam and the anti-refugee rhetoric in Hungary and in Poland. Central and Eastern European Migration Review, 7(2), 125–151.
Horolets, A., Lesińska, M., & Okólski, M. (Eds.). (2018). Raport o stanie badań nad migracjami w Polsce po 1989 roku. Warszawa: KBnM PAN.
KSH—Hungarian Central Statistical Office.
Polityka Migracyjna Polski. Projekt z dnia 10 czerwca 2019 (Polish Migration Policy. Projekt z dnia 10 czerwca 2019) Redakcja: Departament Analiz i Polityki Migracyjnej MSWiA. file:///C:/Users/user/Documents/Immigration%20policy%20of%20Eastern%20Europe.%20The%20case%20of%20Poland%20and%20Hungary/Polityka-migracyjna-Polski-wersja-ostateczna.pdf.
Szymańska, J. (2017). Strategia Unii Europejskiej wobec kryzysu migracyjnego: priorytety, bariery, efekty. Studia BAS, 3(51), 159–186.
Metadata
Title
Migration Policy in Eastern Europe: The Case of Poland and Hungary
Author
Ewa Rokicka
Copyright Year
2021
Publisher
Springer Singapore
Book
Immigration Policy and Crisis in the Regional Context

Print ISBN: 978-981-336-822-4

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-336-823-1

Copyright Year: 2021

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6823-1_11