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2016 | Book

Introduction Read chapter Read first chapter

Modeling of Column Apparatus Processes

Authors: Christo Boyadjiev, Maria Doichinova, Boyan Boyadjiev, Petya Popova-Krumova

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Book Series : Heat and Mass Transfer

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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About this book

This book presents a new approach for the modeling of chemical and interphase mass transfer processes in industrial column apparatuses, using convection-diffusion and average-concentration models.

The convection-diffusion type models are used for a qualitative analysis of the processes and to assess the main, small and slight physical effects, and then reject the slight effects. As a result, the process mechanism can be identified.

It also introduces average concentration models for quantitative analysis, which use the average values of the velocity and concentration over the cross-sectional area of the column.

The new models are used to analyze different processes (simple and complex chemical reactions, absorption, adsorption and catalytic reactions), and make it possible to model the processes of gas purification with sulfur dioxide, which form the basis of several patents.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
The column apparatuses are the main devices for separation and chemical processes realization in chemical, power, biotechnological and other industries (Rousseau in Handbook of Separation Process Technology. Wiley, New York; Perry and Green, Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook. McGraw Hill, New York). They are different types as plate columns, packed bed columns, bubble columns, trickle columns, catalyst bed columns etc.
Christo Boyadjiev, Maria Doichinova, Boyan Boyadjiev, Petya Popova-Krumova

Qualitative Analysis of Column Apparatuses Processes

Frontmatter
Chapter 2. One-Phase Processes
Abstract
The fundamental problem of the one-phase processes modeling in the column apparatuses comes from the complicated hydrodynamic behavior of the flow and as a result the velocity distribution in the column is unknown.
Christo Boyadjiev, Maria Doichinova, Boyan Boyadjiev, Petya Popova-Krumova
Chapter 3. Two-Phase Processes
Abstract
The modeling of two-phase gas-liquid (\( j = 1,2) \), gas-solid (\( j = 1,3) \) and liquid-solid (\( j = 2,3) \) interphase mass transfer processes in column apparatuses is possible to be used in the case of absorption, adsorption and heterogeneous (catalytic) chemical reactions.
Christo Boyadjiev, Maria Doichinova, Boyan Boyadjiev, Petya Popova-Krumova
Chapter 4. Three-Phase Processes
Abstract
The modeling of three-phase (gas-liquid-solid) interphase mass transfer processes in column apparatuses is used in the case of absorption and adsorption in two component (\( i_{0} = 2 \)), three-phase (\( j = 1,2,3 \)) systems.
Christo Boyadjiev, Maria Doichinova, Boyan Boyadjiev, Petya Popova-Krumova

Quantitative Analysis of Column Apparatuses Processes

Frontmatter
Chapter 5. Column Reactors Modeling
Abstract
The theoretical procedure (II.5–II.15) presented in the Part II will be used for creation of average concentration models of simple and complex chemical processes in one-phase column apparatuses.
Christo Boyadjiev, Maria Doichinova, Boyan Boyadjiev, Petya Popova-Krumova
Chapter 6. Interphase Mass Transfer Processes Modeling
Abstract
The theoretical procedure (II.5–II.15) presented in Part II will be used for the creation of average concentration models of absorption, adsorption and catalytic processes in two-phase systems.
Christo Boyadjiev, Maria Doichinova, Boyan Boyadjiev, Petya Popova-Krumova

Computer Calculation Problems

Frontmatter
Chapter 7. Perturbation Method Approach
Abstract
A new approach for the column apparatuses modeling uses convection-diffusion type models and average concentration models (Boyadjiev in Theoretical chemical engineering. Modeling and simulation. Springer, Berlin; Doichinova and Boyadjiev in On the column apparatuses modeling 55:6705–6715, 2010; Boyadjiev in A new approach for the column apparatuses modeling in chemical engineering 10(2):131–150, 2013) are characterized by the presence of small parameters at the highest derivatives.
Christo Boyadjiev, Maria Doichinova, Boyan Boyadjiev, Petya Popova-Krumova
Chapter 8. Two-Coordinate Systems Problem
Abstract
In the cases of physical absorption (Boyadjiev in Diffusion models and scale-up 49:796–799, 2006; Boyadjiev in Modeling of column apparatuses 3:7–22, 2009; Boyadjiev in Theoretical chemical engineering. Springer, Berlin, 2010; Doichinova and Boyadjiev in On the column apparatuses modeling 55:6705–6715, 2012) in a high counter-current gas-liquid column the mass transfer process model has to be presented in a two-coordinate system [see (3.​1.​8)].
Christo Boyadjiev, Maria Doichinova, Boyan Boyadjiev, Petya Popova-Krumova
Chapter 9. Multi-step Modeling Algorithms
Abstract
In the cases of a non-stationary chemical adsorption in gas-solid systems the presence of mobile (gas) and immobile (solid) phases in lengthy processes leads to a non-stationary process in the immobile phase and stationary process in the mobile phase, practically.
Christo Boyadjiev, Maria Doichinova, Boyan Boyadjiev, Petya Popova-Krumova

Waste Gases Purification in Column Apparatuses

Frontmatter
Chapter 10. Bi-zonal Absorption Apparatus
Abstract
The theoretical analysis (see Chap. 4) of the method and apparatus for waste gases purification from SO2 using two-phase absorbent (CaCO3 suspension), which are applied by some companies (Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group, Inc., Alstom Power Italy, Idreco-Insigma-Consortium) in the thermal power plants shows that the interphase mass transfer process in the system gas-liquid drops is practically physical absorption as a result of the low concentration of the dissolved SO2 and CaCO3 in the water and the short reaction time (short existence of the absorbent drops). It was shown that in these conditions the interphase mass transfer resistances in both phases are commensurate (44.4 % in the gas phase and 55.6 % in the liquid phase), but the possibility for intensification of the mass transfer in the liquid phase is very limited.
Christo Boyadjiev, Maria Doichinova, Boyan Boyadjiev, Petya Popova-Krumova
Chapter 11. Absorption-Adsorption Method
Abstract
Different companies (Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group, Inc., Alstom Power Italy, Idreco-Insigma-Consortium) propose methods and apparatuses for waste gases purification from SO2 using two-phase absorbent (CaCO3 suspension).
Christo Boyadjiev, Maria Doichinova, Boyan Boyadjiev, Petya Popova-Krumova
Chapter 12. Co-current Apparatus
Abstract
Counter-current absorbers are used for purification of the large amounts of waste gases emitted from the combustion plants. The gas velocity (and as a result the absorbers diameter, too) is limited by the rate of the absorbent drops fall in an immobile gas medium, i.e. the gas velocity must be less than the drops velocity (~4 m s−1 practically).
Christo Boyadjiev, Maria Doichinova, Boyan Boyadjiev, Petya Popova-Krumova

Conclusion

Frontmatter
Chapter 13. Conclusion
Abstract
The column apparatuses are the main devices for separation and chemical processes realization in chemical, power, biotechnological and other industries. They are different types as plate columns, packed bed columns, bubble columns, trickle columns, catalyst bed columns etc.
Christo Boyadjiev, Maria Doichinova, Boyan Boyadjiev, Petya Popova-Krumova
Metadata
Title
Modeling of Column Apparatus Processes
Authors
Christo Boyadjiev
Maria Doichinova
Boyan Boyadjiev
Petya Popova-Krumova
Copyright Year
2016
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-28259-6
Print ISBN
978-3-319-28257-2
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28259-6

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