Models for Rod and Bar Rolling Mills with 2‑roll, 3‑roll, and 4‑roll Stands

For the quality of rolled products, a perfect surface quality and tight, close tolerances apart from defined mechanical properties are essential. One key condition is a perfect pass design in the rolling mill. The paper deals with the models for a pass design calculation as well as a calculation of roll force and power demands for the rolling mill. On modern bar and rod mill, different types of mill stands are used, with 2‑roll, 3‑roll, and 4‑roll stands. For each of these stand types, a special model system is used for the calculation. Heat balance and temperature control by water cooling are the basis for thermomechanical rolling to achieve the desired mechanical properties of the material. Free size rolling and the compensation of the numerous influencing parameters on the product dimensions must be incorporated in a pass design.