main-content

15-09-2022

# Modified Adaptive Mechanism for Optimising IEEE 802.15.4 WPANs for Wireless Sensor Networks

Authors: Sukhvinder Singh Bamber, Naveen Dogra, Mohit Angurala

Published in: Wireless Personal Communications

## Abstract

Different applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have different expectations from the working of medium access control protocols. Some value reliability more than delay incurred while some demand a fair trade-off for the factors like: Throughput, bit error rate etc. This paper evaluates the performance of wireless personal area networks from 802.15.4 group for WSNs with modified algorithm which helps in reducing the medium access delay and delay in reaching of the packet from one end to another end. In this paper certain modifications to existing algorithm have been proposed for reducing the medium access delay and to reduce the number of packets dropped. The result comparisons on the performance parameters like: network output load, generated acknowledged traffic, media access delay, battery consumed and delay in packet transmission from one end to another end that the backoff number and exponent values used for transmission play vital role for improving the performance of WSNs as they directly affect the number of packets dropped, successfully acknowledged and medium access delay.
Literature
1.
Koubaa, A., Alves, M., & Tovar, E. (2006). GTS allocation analysis in IEEE 802.15.4 for real-time wireless sensor networks.
2.
Jurcik, P., Koubaa, A., Alves, M., Tovar, E., & Hanzalek, Z. (2007). A simulation model for the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol: Delay/throughput evaluation of the GTS mechanism. In MASCOTS 2007, 15th international symposium.
3.
Angurala, M., Bala, M., & Khullar, V., (2022). A Survey on Various Congestion Control Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks. International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication, 10(8), 47–54.
4.
Woo, S., Park, W., Ahn, S., An, S., & Kim, D. (2008). Knowledge-based exponential backoff scheme in IEEE 802.15.4 MAC (pp. 435–444).
5.
Lee, B. H., & Wu, H. K. (2009). Study on a delayed backoff algorithm for IEEE 802.15.4 low-rate wireless personal area networks. Communications IET, 3, 1089–1096. CrossRef
6.
Dahham, Z., Sali, A., Ali, B. M., & Jahan, M. S. (2012). An efficient CSMA-CA algorithm for IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks. 978-1-4673-4786-0/12/$31.00. IEEE. 7. Lee, B.-H., & Wu, H.-K. (2010). Study on a dynamic superframe adjustment algorithm for IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN. IEEE. 8. Despaux, F., Song, Y., & Lahmadi, A. (2013). Measurement based analysis of the effect of duty cycle in IEEE 802.15.4 MAC performance. In IEEE international conference on mobile ad-hoc and sensor systems. 9. Angurala, M., Bala, M., & Bamber, S. S. A novel technique for energy replenishment and load balancing in wireless sensor networks, Optik, 248, 1–10. 10. Camila, O. H. S., Yacine, G.-D., & Stephane, L. (2013). A duty cycle self- adaptation algorithm for the 802.15. 4 wireless sensor networks. In IEEE transactions on global information infrastructure symposium (pp. 1–7). 11. Rasouli, H., Kavian, Y. S., & Rashvand, H. F. (2014). ADCA: Adaptive duty cycle algorithm for energy efficient IEEE 802.15.4 beacon-enabled wireless sensor networks. IEEE Sensors Journal, 14(11), 3893–3902. CrossRef 12. Nguyen, T. D., Khan, J. Y., & Ngo, D. T. (2015). An energy and QoS-aware packet transmission algorithm for IEEE 802.15.4 networks. 978-1-4673-6782-0/15/$31.00. IEEE.
13.
Lee, B.-H., Yundra, E., Wu, H.-K., & Al Rasyid, M. U. H. (2015). Analysis of superframe duration adjustment scheme for IEEE 802.15.4 networks. In ICUFN.
14.
Farhad, A., Farid, S., Zia, Y., & Hussain, F. B. (2016) A delay mitigation dynamic scheduling algorithm for the IEEE 802.15.4 based WPANs.
15.
IEEE 802.15.4 OPNET Simulation Model, available online at: http://​www.​open-zb.​net/​.
16.
Santhameen, S., & Manikandan, J. (2022). Group acknowledgement mechanism for beacon-enabled wireless sensor networks. Computer Communications, 187, 93–102. CrossRef
17.
Elshabrawy, T. (2015). Network throughput analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 enabled wireless sensor networks with FEC coding under external Interference. International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 69, 1641–1649. CrossRef
18.
Ali, O., Ishak, M. H., & Bhatti, M. K. L. (2021). Adaptive clear channel assessment (A-CCA): Energy efficient method to improve wireless sensor networks (WSNs) operations. International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 131, 153603. CrossRef
19.
Boughanmi, N., Song, Y. Q., & Rondeau, E. (2009). Online adaptation of the IEEE 802.15.4 parameters for wireless networked control systems. Sciencedirect, 42, 56–63.
20.
Gilani, M. H. S., Sarrafi, I., & Abbaspour, M. (2011). An adapative CSMA/TDMA hybrid MAC for energy and throughput improvement of wireless sensor networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 11, 1297–1304. CrossRef
21.
Alberola, R. P., & Pesch, D. (2011). Duty cycle learning algorithm (DCLA) for IEEE 802.15.4 beacon-enabled wireless sensor networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 2012(10), 664–679.
22.
Xia, Y. Z. Y., & Anwar, M. (2016). GTS adaptation algorithm for IEEE 802.15.4 wireless networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 37, 486–498. CrossRef
23.
Xiao, Z., Zhou, Yan, J., He, C., Jiang, L., & Trigoni, N. (2018). Performance evaluation of IEEE 802.15.4 with real time queuing analysis. Ad Hoc Networks, 73, 80–94. CrossRef
24.
Mkongwa, K. G., Liu, Q., & Wang, S. (2021). An adapative backoff and dynamic clear channel assessment mechanisms in IEEE 802.15.4 MAC for wireless body area networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 120, 102554. CrossRef
25.
Sixto, C., & Jorge, L. (2017). Scheduling the real-time transmission of periodic measurements in 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks. Procedia-Computer Science, 114, 499–506. CrossRef
26.
Baronti, P., Pillai, P., Chook, V. W. C., Chessa, S., Goota, A., & Hu, Y. F. (2006). Wireless sensor networks: A survey on the state of the art and the 802.15.4 and ZigBee standards. Computer Communications, 30, 1655–1695. CrossRef
27.
Xia, F., Hao, R., Li, J., Xiong, N., Yang, L. T., & Zhang, Y. (2013). Adaptive GTS allocation in IEEE 802.15.4 for real-time wireless sensor networks. Journal of Systems Architecture, 59, 1231–1242. CrossRef
28.
Alavi, S. M., Walsh, M. J., & Hayes, M. J. (2009). Robust distributed active power control technique for IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks—A quantative feedback theory approach. Control Engineering Practice, 17, 805–814. CrossRef
29.
Gezer, A., & Okdem, S. (2020). Improving IEEE 802.15.4 channel access performance for IoT and WSN devices. Computers and Electrical Engineering, 87, 106745. CrossRef
30.
Berger, A., Pichler, M., Haselmayr, W., & Springer, A. (2014). Energy-efficient and reliable wireless sensor networks—An extension to IEEE 802.15.4e. EURASIP Journal of Wireless Communication and Networking, 2014, 1–12. CrossRef
31.
Zhu, J., Lv, C., & Tao, Z. (2013). Performance analyses and improvements for IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA/CA Scheme in wireless multihop sensor networks based on HTC algorithm. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 213, 452423. CrossRef
32.
Park, P., Ergen, S. C., Fischione, C., & Vincentelli, A. S. (2013). Duty-cycle optimization for IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, 10(1), 12. CrossRef
33.
Dbibih, I., Iala, I., Biach, F. Z. E., & Zytoune, O. (2021). An efficient algorithm for end to end latency optimization over IEEE 802.15.4 wireless network for IoT applications. International Journal of Intelligent Engineering & Systems, 14(5), 336–347. CrossRef
34.
Haghighi, M. S., Xiang, Y., Varadharajan, V., & Quinn, B. (2015). A stochastic time-domain model for burst data aggregation in IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 64(3), 627–639.
35.
Bartoli, G., Chiti, F., Fantacci, R., & Picano, B. (2019). An efficient resource allocation scheme for applications in LR-WPANs based on stable matching with externalities approach. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 68(6), 5893–5903. CrossRef
36.
Lattanzi, E., Capellacci, P., & Freschi, V. (2020). experimental evaluation of the impact of packet length on wireless sensor networks subject to interference. Computer Networks, 2019(167), 106986. CrossRef
37.
Zhu, Y. H., Jia, L., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Enhancing channel contention efficiency in IEEE 802.15.4 wireless networks. Sensors, 22(4), 1600. CrossRef
Title
Modified Adaptive Mechanism for Optimising IEEE 802.15.4 WPANs for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors
Sukhvinder Singh Bamber
Naveen Dogra
Mohit Angurala
Publication date
15-09-2022
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Wireless Personal Communications
Print ISSN: 0929-6212
Electronic ISSN: 1572-834X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-022-10005-8